Table 7 Logistic regression bivariate analysis (adherence to good clinical practice criteria in three categories: clinical evaluation of the patient, COPD evaluation and therapeutic interventions)

Age (≤55 years)

1.01 (0.78–1.31)

0.89

Large hospital

0.44 (0.21–0.89)

0.024

Sex (male)

0.96 (0.78–1.17)

0.70

University hospital

0.32 (0.12–0.82)

0.018

Active smokers

1.25 (1.05–1.48)

0.011

Beds per center ≥500

0.57 (0.27–1.22)

0.152

Dyspnea (MRC-m)

Respiratory ward not available

Reference

 0–1

Respiratory ward <20 beds

0.90 (0.24–3.32)

0.876

 ≥2

Reference

Respiratory ward ≥20 beds

0.51 (0.19–1.35)

0.178

 Missing

1.02 (0.83–1.26)

0.797

 Level of dyspnea not referred to

0.24 (0.19–0.31)

<0.001

0.11 (0.09–0.15)

<0.001

FEV1< 50%

1.24 (1.07–1.43)

0.004

Number of pulmonology staff members ≥ 5

0.80 (0.35–1.86)

0.620

Charlson index ≥ 3

1.45 (1.25–1.69)

<0.001

Pulmonology residents present

0.90 (0.41–1.99)

0.806

Number of hospital admissions in the last year ≥ 1

6.45 (5.16–8.07)

<0.001

Number of annual outpatient respiratory visits ≥ 10,000

0.45 (0.17–1.19)

0.109

GesEPOC phenotype

≥ 15 min of follow-up at general outpatient respiratory visit

2.34 (1.13–4.83)

0.021

 Non-exacerbator

Reference

 Exacerbator

1.26 (1.00–1.59)

0.048

 Missing

0.40 (0.33–0.49)

<0.001

Triple inhalation therapy

1.01 (0.87–1.17)

0.872

Specialized COPD outpatient clinic available

1.07 (0.51–2.22)

0.850

Treatment at a specialized COPD outpatient clinic

2.49 (1.91–3.23)

<0.001

Outpatient respiratory nursing clinic availability

2.47 (1.23–4.97)

0.011

Inhalation technique educational program available

1.61 (0.73–3.55)

0.234

Patients

COPD evaluation ≥4 criteria fulfilled OR (95%CI)

p

Centers

COPD evaluation ≥4 criteria fulfilled OR (95%CI)

p

Age (≤55 years)

1.68 (1.31–2.14)

<0.001

Large hospital

1.25 (0.66–2.39)

0.484

Sex (male)

0.75 (0.61–0.92)

0.006

University hospital

1.16 (0.49–2.74)

0.729

Active smokers

1.01 (0.82–0.85)

0.824

Beds per center ≥500

1.65 (0.85–3.20)

0.136

Dyspnea (MRC-m)

Respiratory ward not available

Reference

 0–1

Respiratory ward <20 beds

4.23 (1.39–12.86)

0.011

  ≥2

Reference

Respiratory ward ≥20 beds

2.23 (0.96–5.19)

0.062

 Missing

1.53 (1.28–1.84)

<0.001

 Level of dyspnea not referred to

0.51 (0.38–0.68)

<0.001

0.54 (0.41–0.69)

<0.001

FEV1<50%

1.80 (1.55–2.08)

<0.001

Number of pulmonology staff members ≥5

1.44 (0.69–3.00)

0.324

Charlson index ≥3

0.80 (0.69–0.92)

0.003

Pulmonology residents present

1.69 (0.85–3.37)

0.129

Number of hospital admissions in the last year ≥1

1.30 (1.10–1.55)

0.002

Number of annual outpatient respiratory visits ≥10,000

1.82 (0.78–4.25)

0.165

GesEPOC phenotype

≥ 15 min of follow-up at general outpatient respiratory visit

1.06 (0.54–2.09)

0.845

 Non-exacerbator

Reference

 Exacerbator

1.38 (1.13–1.69)

0.001

 Missing

0.16 (0.13–0.20)

<0.001

Triple inhalation therapy

1.37 (1.18–1.60)

<0.001

Specialized COPD outpatient clinic available

1.77 (0.94–3.31)

0.073

Treatment at a specialized COPD outpatient clinic

4.44 (3.48–5.68)

<0.001

Outpatient respiratory nursing clinic availability

1.57 (0.83–2.95)

0.158

Inhalation technique educational program available

1.91 (0.97–3.75)

0.058

Patients

Therapeutic intervention ≥3 criteria fulfilled OR (95%CI)

p

Centers

Therapeutic intervention ≥3 criteria fulfilled OR (95%CI)

p

Age (≤55 years)

0.62 (0.44–0.87)

0.007

Large hospital

0.46 (0.16–1.25)

0.130

Sex (male)

0.79 (0.61–1.02)

0.074

University hospital

0.32 (0.08–1.17)

0.087

Active smokers

0.98 (0.80–1.20)

0.894

Beds per centre ≥500

0.78 (0.27–2.25)

0.656

Dyspnea (MRC-m)

Respiratory ward not available

Reference

 0–1

Reference

0.26 (0.04–1.66)

0.158

  ≥2

1.10 (0.90–1.35)

0.317

Respiratory ward <20 beds

0.32 (0.08–1.19)

0.090

 Missing

0.09 (0.05–0.15)

<0.001

Respiratory ward ≥20 beds

 Level of dyspnea not referred to

0.24 (0.17–0.34)

<0.001

FEV1<50%

1.32 (1.07–1.63)

0.008

Number of pulmonology staff members ≥5

0.41 (0.13–1.27)

0.125

Charlson index ≥3

1.23 (1.04–1.46)

0.016

Pulmonology residents present

0.87 (0.29–2.61)

0.813

Number of hospital admissions in the last year ≥1

1.83 (1.50–2.23)

0.000

Number of annual outpatient respiratory visits ≥10,000

0.29 (0.08–1.06)

0.062

GesEPOC phenotype

≥ 15 min of follow-up at general outpatient respiratory visit

1.09 (0.37–3.20)

0.862

 Non-exacerbator

Reference

 Exacerbator

1.10 (0.87–1.38)

0.414

 Missing

0.37 (0.30–0.46)

<0.001

Triple inhalation therapy

1.02 (0.85–1.21)

0.812

Specialized COPD outpatient clinic available

2.14 (0.79–5.79)

0.133

Treatment at a specialized COPD outpatient clinic

2.95 (2.28–3.83)

<0.001

Outpatient respiratory nursing clinic availability

3.36 (1.27–8.84)

0.014

Inhalation technique educational program available

3.55 (1.25–10.07)

0.017