Table 1 The levels of serum IL-37 in different diseased patients
From: The potential of interleukin-37 as an effective therapeutic agent in asthma
Disease | Method and assay | Level in blood/tissue fluid (pg/ml) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | ELISA (Bio-Swamp) | Crohn’s disease: 481.67 ± 232.82(ng/mL); Ulcerative colitis (UC): 199.28 ± 38.60(ng/mL); Healthy control: 2275.68 ± 261.24(ng/mL). Mild UC: 346.97 ± 105.83(ng/mL); Moderate UC: 154.21 ± 24.95(ng/mL); Severe UC: 117.75 ± 17.14(ng/mL). | Serum IL-37 levels are decreased in IBD patients and also differed significantly between mild and moderate/severe UC [63]. |
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) | ELISA (R&D Systems) | In vitreous fluids, PDR group: 95.09 ± 5.22 Control group: 34.91 ± 5.61. | The level of IL-37 is elevated in vitreous fluids of patients with PDR compared to controls and correlates with the level of VEGF-A and Ang-2 [64]. |
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | ELISA (AdipoGen AG, Liestal, Switzerland) | RA patients: 284.7 ± 151.0, Healthy control: 84.64 ± 36.8. | Serum IL-37 levels were increased in patients with RA and were positively associated with disease activity, IL-17/IL-23, and bone loss in RA [65]. |
Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction after PCI | ELISA (Adipogen AG, Liestal, Switzerland) | 12 h after PCI: 82.8 ± 14.79, 24 h after PCI: 82.2 ± 9.28, 48 h after PCI: 84.4 ± 13.35, Healthy controls: 120.6 ± 2.67. | Plasma and leukocytic IL-37 expression decreased in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after PCI compared to controls [66]. |
Arterial Calcification | ELISA (Adipogen AG) | Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC): 72.17 ± 19.74, Non-coronary artery calcification (NCAC): 54.83 ± 18.63. Low-grade CAC: 61.24 ± 15.14, Remarkable CAC: 87.69 ± 14.42. | Increased IL-37 concentrations are associated with the onset of arterial calcification [47]. |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | ELISA (R&D Systems Inc) | Normal controls: 10.49 (4.90, 14.94), SLE patients: 13.63 (7.77, 18.24). | Elevated plasma IL-37 levels are seen in SLE patients and are associated with anti-Sm, anti-RNP and C3 [67]. |
Asthma | ELISA (Adipogen AG) | Asthmatic patients: 48.15 ± 8.49, Healthy controls: 98.59 ± 21.83. Mild asthma: 48.15 ± 8.67, Moderate: 48.30 ± 8.53. | The serum level of IL-37 in asthmatic patients was significantly lower compared to healthy controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the mild and moderate group [42]. |
Asthma | Real-time quantitative PCR | The relative expression of IL-37 mRNA in asthmatic patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls (P = 0.0001). | IL-37 mRNA levels in serum and induced sputum were significantly lower in asthma patients compared to healthy controls. [42]. |