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Table 2 Characteristics of patients and endobronchial one-way valve deployment in case series included

From: Endobronchial one-way valves for treatment of persistent air leaks: a systematic review

First author, year

[Article no.]

Publication type

No. of patients, sex(M/F)

Age (years)

Underlying disease (n/N)

Previous interventions

(n/N)

Duration of air leak before valve placement

Location of endobronchial one-way valves (n/N)

Type of endobronchial one-way valves; No. of valves used

Travaline, 2009 [49]

Retrospective study

40 (25/15)

Mean ± SD: 60 ± 14

Cancer (12/40),

COPD(12/40),

pneumonia (3/40),

rheumatoid arthritis(2/40),

tuberculosis(1/40),

trauma(1/40),

aspergilloma(1/40),

bronchiectasis (1/40),

cor pulmonale(1/40),

lung transplantation (1/40),

multiple comorbidities (1/40)

chest tube (39/40),

Eloesser flap (1/40),

Blood patch (3/40),

wedge resection (1/40),

pleurodesis (1/40)

Median: 20 days; Interquartile range [IQR]: 15 to 45 days

RUL (11/40),

RML (3/40),

RLL (3/40),

LUL (11/40), LLL(5/40),

RUL and RLL (1/40),

RLL and RML (1/40),

RUL and LUL (1/40);

Zephyr®; Mean ± SD: 2.9 ± 1.9

Gillespie, 2011 [50]

Retrospective study

7 (4/3)

Median:58; Range: 17 to 60

Emphysema (5/7),

neoplasia (3/7),

pulmonary embolism (2/7),

radiation fibrosis (1/7),

fungal infection (1/7),

empyema (1/7)

surgical interventions (6/7);

pleurodesis or pleurectomy (4/7)

Median: 4 weeks; Range: 2 weeks to 5

months

LUL (4/31);

LLL (6/31);

RUL (7/31);

LUL and LLL (14/31)

IBV Valve;

Median: 3.5

Firlinger, 2013 [51]

Prospective study

13

Not specified

Empyema (4/13),

pulmonary metastasis (1/13),

pleural mesothelioma (3/13),

pneumothorax (2/13),

lung cancer (2/13),

bronchiectasis (1/13)

Chest tube (4/13), lobectomy (3/13), decortication (2/13),

radical pleurectomy (3/13), pleurodesis (1/13)

Median: 17 days;

Range: 8–31 days

LUL (2/19),

LLL (5/19),

RUL (10/19), RLL (2/19)

IBV Valve (13/19) and Zephyr® (6/19), Mean ± SD: 1.4 ± 0.7

Reed, 2015 [52]

retrospective study

21 (11/10)

Range: 16 months to 70 years

postoperative (8/21),

pneumothorax (11/21),

cavitary lung infection (3/21),

post-pneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula (2/21),

COPD(3/21),

Pneumonia(4/21),

Rheumatoid lung disease(1/21),

ARDS after cardiac surgery (121/),

Lung cancer(1/21),

Refractory AML(21/),

Hypoxic cardiac arrest(121/),

Refractory multiple myeloma(1/21)

Chest tube(18/21),

Pleurodesis(1/21),

Decortication(1/21),

intercostal muscle flap coverage (2/21)

Median: 8 days;

Mean, 26 days;

Range: 1 to 192 days

RUL(20/88),

RML(8/88),

RLL(8/88),

LUL(21/88),

Lingula(6/88),

LLL(12/88),

2 patients not specified

IBV Valve; Median:3;

Range: 1 to 12

Dooms, 2014 [53]

prospective study

10 (9/1)

Median:67; Range: 46 to 75

Lung cancer (10/10)

Chest tube (10/10),

chemical pleurodesis (not specified)

Median: 7 days;

Range: 7 to 13 days

RLL (17/42), RUL (10/42), LLL (15/42)

IBV Valve;

Median: 4;

Range:1 to 9

Cordovilla, 2015 [54]

prospective study

8 (7/1)

Mean: 68.5

Range:28 to 85

severe pulmonary emphysema(7/8), respiratory failure (5/8),

thrombopenia (1/8),

ischemic heart disease (1/8)

cancer(1/8)

Chest tube (8/8)

Median: 15.5 days

RLL (2/9), Lingula (1/9), RUL (3/9),

LUL (1/9),

LLL (2/9)

IBV valves(8/9) and Zephyr® (1/9);

Median: 2; Range: 1 to 4

Hance, 2015 [55]

retrospective study

14 (10/4)

Mean: 60

non-small cell lung cancer (4/14),

diffuse interstitial lung disease (1/14),

cytomegalovirus pneumonitis (1/14),

COPD (4/14),

histoplasmosis (1/14),

pneumonia (1/14),

pulmonary nodule (1/14),

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (1/14),

aspergillosis (1/14),

cystic fibrosis (1/14),

metastatic mesothelioma (1/14), spontaneous pneumothoraxes (3/14)

Chest tube (14/14)

Mean: 21.6 days;

Median: 18 days;

Not specified

IBV Valve (14);

Median: 2;

Range: 1–8

Podgaetz, 2015 [56]

retrospective study

19 (12/7)

Median: 60; Mean:60.4;Range: 38–90

Osteosarcoma (1/19),

COPD (9/19),

angiosarcoma (1/19),

cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (1/19),

pancreatic cancer (1/19),

interstitial lung disease (2/19)

Chest tube (19),

Chemical pleurodesis (2),

Blood patch (1)

Median: 9 days;

Mean: 12.8 days; Range: 2–8 days

LUL + lingula (1),

RUL (5),

LUL (7),

RLL (3),

RML (1),

Lingula (2)

IBV Valve (72);

Median: 4;

Range: 2–6

Bakhos, 2016 [57]

prospective study

11 (9/2)

Mean ± SD: 65 ± 15;

Range: 33–83

Lung cancer (5/11),

mesothelioma (1/11),

COPD (6/11),

coccidiomycosis (1/11),

interstitial lung disease (2/11)

Chest tube (11)

Mean ± SD:16 ± 12 days

RLL (3),

RUL (3),

LUL (3),

RML (1),

RUL and RML (1)

IBV Valve;

Median: 2;

Range: 1–4

Podgaetz, 2016 [14]

prospective study

13 (9/4)

Median: 60; Mean:61.9;Range: 38–90

Osteosarcoma (1/13),

COPD (7/13),

Iatrogenic (4/13),

Postoperative (2/13),

Angiosarcoma (1/13),

pancreatic cancer (1/13),

cryptogenic organizing pneumonia(1/13)

Chest tube (13)

Median: 9 days;

Mean: 14.9 days; Range: 2–88 days

LUL (5),

Lingual (2),

RUL (4),

RLL (2),

RML (1)

IBV Valve;

Median: 4;

Range: 2–6