From: Factors associated with hospitalization in bronchiectasis exacerbations: a one-year follow-up study
Characteristics | Hospitalization at one year follow-up | ||
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | p-value | |
Total No. | 103 (38.9) | 162 (61.1) | |
Demographic data | |||
Age (years) | 65 (55–73) | 73 (68–80) | <0.001 |
Gender | |||
Male | 27 (26.2) | 79 (48.8) | <0.001 |
Female | 76 (73.8) | 83(51.2) | |
Smoker or former smoker | 48 (46.6) | 77 (47.5) | 0.883 |
Alcohol abuse | 4 (3.9) | 7 (4.3) | 0.862 |
Flu vaccine | 75 (72.8) | 109 (67.3) | 0.341 |
Pneumococcal vaccine | 59 (57.3) | 64 (39.5) | 0.005 |
PPSV23 | 48 (46.6) | 54 (33.3) | 0.030 |
PCV13 | 11 (10.7) | 10 (6.2) | 0.186 |
Comorbid condition | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 7 (6.8) | 34 (21) | 0.002 |
Myocardial infarction | 2 (1.9) | 16 (9.9) | 0.012 |
Heart failure | 3 (2.9) | 31 (19.1) | <0.001 |
Dementia | 3 (2.9) | 6 (3.7) | 0.729 |
COPD | 11 (10.7) | 54 (33.3) | <0.001 |
Asthma | 11 (10.7) | 15 (9.3) | 0.705 |
Renal disease | 4 (3.9) | 10 (6.2) | 0.417 |
Liver disease | 3 (2.9) | 13 (8) | 0.089 |
Radiology | |||
Cystic bronchiectasis | 6 (5.8) | 11 (6.8) | 0.755 |
Colonization | |||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization | 34 (33) | 66 (40.7) | 0.206 |
Colonization by other microorganism | 23 (22.3) | 28 (17.3) | 0.310 |
Colonization by MDR microorganism | 7 (6.8) | 23 (14.2) | 0.064 |
Treatment | |||
Long-acting β-agonist | 79 (76.7) | 125 (77.2) | 0.931 |
Long-acting anticholinergic | 40 (38.8) | 100 (61.7) | <0.001 |
Inhaled corticosteroids | 75 (72.8) | 123 (75.9) | 0.570 |
Long term oral antibiotics | 11 (10.7) | 16 (9.9) | 0.833 |
Inhaled/Nebulized antibiotic | 17 (16.5) | 29 (17.9) | 0.770 |
Mucolytics | 28 (27.2) | 51 (31.5) | 0.456 |
Proton pump inhibitor | 26 (25.2) | 100 (61.7) | <0.001 |
Chronic oxygen therapy | 4 (3.9) | 25 (15.4) | 0.013 |
Statins | 21 (20.4) | 26 (16) | 0.367 |
Regular chest physiotherapy | 33 (32) | 42 (25.9) | 0.282 |
Immunosuppressors | 1 (1) | 4 (2.5) | 0.382 |
NIMV | 0 (0) | 4 (2.5) | 0.108 |
History of exacerbations | |||
Hospitalization last year due to BE | 23 (22.3) | 97 (59.9) | <0.001 |
Previous hospitalization due to BE at anytime | 33 (32) | 98 (60.5) | <0.001 |
Previous history of pneumonia | 39 (37.9) | 85 (52.5) | 0.020 |
Exacerbation last year | 74 (71.8) | 118 (72.8) | 0.860 |
No. exacerbations last year | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.482 |
No. antibiotic treatments last year >2 | 19 (18.4) | 39 (24.1) | 0.280 |