Fig. 3

Effect of oral roflumilast co-administration in cigarette smoke-exposed mice on intestinal fluid secretion. Relative wet/dry ratio of stool sample collected from non-CF A/J mice treated with roflumilast (5 mg/kg/d) or vehicle once daily via oral gavage over a five-week exposure period of cigarette smoke or air delivered through a nose-only exposure system. N = 7–50 samples/condition, ****P < 0.0001