Table 1 Demographics of healthy individuals and stable COPD

Age, years

56.6 ± 16.9

70.1 ± 8.2

<0.001

Sex, (female:male)

18:35

21:19

Body mass index (kg/m²)

30.2 ± 7.0

28.7 ± 6.3

0.273

Pack years smoked

9 ± 15

48.6 ± 39.5

<0.001

FEV₁ (% predicted)

109 ± 17

65.7 ± 27.8

<0.001

FEV₁/FVC

80 ± 10

55.4 ± 18.2

<0.001

GOLD airflow limitation class (n)

N/A

I 11

II 14

III 11

IV 4

n/a

Bronchodilator response (% change)

3 ± 4

8.9 ± 7.9

<0.001

TLCO (% predicted)

78 ± 15

51 ± 31.3

<0.001

 • Prednisolone 1-10 mg/d

0

0

n/a

 • Prednisolone >10 mg d

0

2

0.099

 • Inhaled CS < = budesonide 800 mg/d

0

6

0.003

 • Inhaled CS > 800 mg/d

0

18

<0.001

 • LABA

0

23

<0.001

 • LAMA

0

22

<0.001

Exacerbations requiring hospital admission in preceding year (n)

0

0.1 ± 0.38

<0.001