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Table 5 Comorbidities and their association with survival after adjustment for age, smoking status, gender and DLco% or CPI

From: Effect of smoking and comorbidities on survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

  

Multivariate with DLco%a

Multivariate with CPI a

 

N(%)

HR (95 % CI)

p-value

HR (95 % C I)

p-value

Cardiovascular diseases b

96 (72.7)

1.6 (1.01 – 2.52)

0.047

1.5 (0.94 – 2.38)

0.086

Coronary artery disease

65 (49.2)

1.4 (0.92 – 2.05)

0.124

1.4 (0.93 – 2.10)

0.109

Hypertension

60 (45.5)

1.0 (0.69 – 1.52)

0.900

1.0 (0.67 – 1.47)

0.955

Heart failure c

36 (27.2)

0.8 (053 – 1.25)

0.339

0.8 (0.53 – 1.27)

0.378

Cerebral infarction

13 (9.8)

0.8 (0.40 – 1.44)

0.395

0.9 (0.45 – 1.63)

0.638

TIA

8 (6.1)

1.1 (0.48 – 2.66)

0.778

1.2 (0.52 – 2.89)

0.648

Diabetes

35 (26.5)

1.3 (0.82 – 2.11)

0.256

1.4 (1.03 – 1.07)

0.198

OSA

6 (4.5)

0.5 (0.22 – 1.20)

0.121

0.5 (0.21 – 1.59)

0.105

GER

14 (10.6)

0.9 (0.49 – 1.74)

0.799

0.9 (0.46 – 1.64)

0.661

Asthma

21 (15.9)

1.6 (0.92 – 2.78)

0.098

1.5 (0.89 – 2.66)

0.126

COPD

10 (7.6)

2.5 (1.02 – 6.01)

0.045

1.8 (0.78 – 4.27)

0.163

Lung cancer

9 (6.8)

1.0 (0.48 – 2.15)

0.965

0.9 (0.43 – 1.92)

0.808

Depression

10 (7.6)

0.9 (0.43 – 2.06)

0.880

0.8 (0.39 – 1.81)

0.654

Medications

 Statins

56 (42.4)

1.3 (0.85 – 2.06)

0.215

1.4 (0.91 – 2.25)

0.121

 Beta-blockers

57 (43.2)

0.9 (0.58 – 1.35)

0.566

0.9 (0.59 – 1.39)

0.643

 GER medication

13 (9.8)

0.9 (0.48 – 1.71)

0.752

1.2 (0.64 – 2.28)

0.556

 ACE inhibitors or angiotensin 1 antagonists

48 (36.4)

1.4 (0.94 – 2.04)

0.103

1.1 (0.70 – 1.66)

0.737

 Anticoagulants

15 (11.4)

1.1 (0.59 – 1.89)

0.849

0.7 (0.39 – 1.37)

0.332

 Platelet function drugs d

58 (43.9)

1.2 (0.77 – 1.88)

0.420

1.3 (0.82 – 2.04)

0.277

 Inhaled corticosteroids

12 (9.1)

1.4 (0.71 – 2.83)

0.327

1.0 (1.03 – 1.07)

0.290

 Antidiabetic drugs e

22 (16.7)

1.6 (0.88 – 2.84)

0.123

1.7 (0.94 – 3.03)

0.082

 Insulin

9 (6.8)

2.4 (0.95 – 6.24)

0.063

2.8 (1.07 – 7.09)

0.036

 Thyroid medication

16 (12.1)

0.9 (0.49 – 1.81)

0.858

1.0 (0.50 – 1.90)

0.946

 Allopurinol

4 (3.0)

0.8 (0.18 – 3.21)

0.717

0.6 (0.14 – 2.37 )

0.439

  1. N number, SD standard deviation, 95 % C I 95 percent confidence interval, HRCT high resolution computed tomography, UIP usual interstitial pneumonia, TIA transient ischemic attack, OSA obstructive sleep apnea, GER gastro-esophageal reflux, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  2. aAdjusted for age, gender and smoking history and DLco% or CPI
  3. bCoronary artery disease, hypertension and cerebral infarction
  4. cHeart failure for any reason
  5. dAcetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole and clopidogrel
  6. eMetformin, glimepiride and sitagliptin