Multiple biomarkers predict disease severity, progression and mortality in COPD

Respiratory Research

Table 4 Biomarkers associated with progression of emphysema

Analysis performed by linear mixed model. Covariates were FEV₁, age, time, smoking status, gender, CT scanner, and BMI. The R² reported for clinical covariates (no biomarkers) is given. The R² reported for biomarkers refers to the R² of the biomarkers(s) over clinical covariates alone. *p < 10⁻³ in a two-sided t-test for the null hypothesis that β = 0
^aBest model

ISSN: 1465-993X