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Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics by early pulmonary rehabilitation and differential distance

From: Outcomes after early and delayed rehabilitation for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan

 

Delayed pulmonary rehabilitation

Early pulmonary rehabilitation

Standardized difference (%)

(n = 8459)

(n = 4113)

 

Age (y), mean (SD)

77.9 (9.5)

79.4 (9.3)

15.9

Sex (female), n (%)

1646 (19.5)

709 (17.2)

5.7

Pre-admission within 180 days, n (%)

1951 (23.1)

902 (21.9)

2.7

Japan Coma Scale, n (%)

  

4.5

 Alert

6415 (75.8)

3070 (74.6)

 

 Dull

1453 (17.2)

745 (18.1)

 

 Somnolence

339 (4.0)

190 (4.6)

 

 Coma

252 (3.0)

108 (2.6)

 

Body mass index, n (%)

  

4.1

  < 18.5

2896 (34.2)

1476 (35.9)

 

 18.5–22.9

2817 (33.3)

1362 (33.1)

 

 23.0–24.9

701 (8.3)

340 (8.3)

 

 25.0–29.9

560 (6.6)

257 (6.2)

 

  ≥ 30

115 (1.4)

55 (1.3)

 

 Missing

1370 (16.2)

623 (15.1)

 

Smoking index, mean (SD)

701 (1420)

758 (1857)

3.4

Barthel index, n (%)

  

4.8

 0

2935 (34.7)

1400 (34.0)

 

 5–9

962 (11.4)

460 (11.2)

 

 10–14

1068 (12.6)

580 (14.1)

 

 15–19

488 (5.8)

253 (6.2)

 

 20

1209 (14.3)

566 (13.8)

 

 Missing

1797 (21.2)

854 (20.8)

 

Hugh-Jones dyspnoea scale score, n (%)

  

16.2

 0

1212 (14.3)

706 (17.2)

 

 1

310 (3.7)

203 (4.9)

 

 2

628 (7.4)

381 (9.3)

 

 3

787 (9.3)

392 (9.5)

 

 4

1886 (22.3)

937 (22.8)

 

 5

3044 (36.0)

1287 (31.3)

 

 Missing

592 (7.0)

207 (5.0)

 

Charlson comorbidity index, n (%)

  

7.5

 0–1

5202 (61.5)

2677 (65.1)

 

 2–3

2839 (33.6)

1247 (30.3)

 

  ≥ 4

418 (4.9)

189 (4.6)

 

Intensive care unit admission, n (%)

694 (8.2)

398 (9.7)

5.2

Oxygen intake at admission, n (%)

5895 (69.7)

2904 (70.6)

2

Intubation at admission, n (%)

364 (4.3)

116 (2.8)

8

Steroid dose (mg), mean (SD)

222 (653)

188 (549)

5.6

Hospital volume, mean (SD)

215 (132)

233 (131)

13.9

Population density of patient living area (persons/km2), n (%)

   

  < 250

1281 (15.1)

632 (15.4)

1.2

  ≥ 250

7133 (84.4)

3462 (84.9)

 

 Missing

45 (0.5)

19 (0.5)

 

Distance between patient residence and hospital (km), mean (SD)

6.8 (20.8)

7.7 (34.4)

3.2

Differential distance, n (%)

  

31.5

 0 km

3782 (44.7)

1226 (29.8)

 

  > 0 km

4592 (44.3)

2554 (69.4)

 

 Missing

85 (1.0)

33 (0.8)

 

Total pulmonary rehabilitation session (hours), mean (SD)

7.6 (11.9)

8.5 (12.3)

7.4

Duration of pulmonary rehabilitation (days), mean (SD)

19.2 (21.5)

17.4 (18.5)

9.0

  1. SD standard deviation