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Fig. 1 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 1

From: Combination of glycopyrronium and indacaterol inhibits carbachol-induced ERK5 signal in fibrotic processes

Fig. 1

Effect of CCh, GLY or IND on collagen gel contraction and α-SMA expression in HFL-1 cells. Cells were grown to sub-confluence and deprived of serum for 24 h. Fibroblast-populated collagen gels were released into serum-free DMEM and measured the gel size daily by an image analyzer. a Gel size was measured in the presence of varying concentrations of CCh (b), GLY (e) or IND (f) on day3. Vertical axis, gel size expressed as % of initial size; Horizontal axis, conditions. All values represent the mean ± SEM in at least 3 separate experiments. HFL-1 cells were grown to sub-confluence in monolayer culture and stimulated with CCh at the indicated times or for 48 h at the indicated concentrations. After incubation, total protein was extracted and western blot analysis was performed with specific antibodies for α-SMA. Vertical axis: relative intensity of α-SMA/β-actin ratio. Horizontal axis: time (c) and concentration of CCh (d). All values represent the mean ± SEM in at least 3 separate experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with control

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