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Fig. 1 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 1

From: Associations between chronic comorbidity and exacerbation risk in primary care patients with COPD

Fig. 1

Comorbidome of comorbidities in the COPD study population (n = 14,603). Results are from univariable (upper panel) and multivariable (lower panel, corrected for age, gender and the other comorbidities) logistic regression analysis. (Diameter of the coloured circles represents the prevalence of each comorbidity. Proximity to the black centre of the circle represents stronger positive association (OR) with ≥2 exacerbation per year. The dashed circle represents an OR of 1. Comorbidities marked bold were statistically significantly (i.e., p < 0.05) associated with increased or decreased risk. In the multivariable model covariates were sequentially dropped until only statistically significant covariates remained. Comorbidities outside the dashed circle were negatively associated (i.e., ‘protective’) with ≥2 exacerbation/year. Comorbidities with prevalence <5% were not analysed). CKD: chronic kidney disease. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease. TIA: transient ischemic attack

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