Fig. 1

Treatment with NEt-4IB and PSL attenuates AHR and airway inflammation. a AHR. b Cell composition in BAL fluid. c H&E-stained lung tissue (final magnification: ×400). (a) PBS/OVA/Vehicle, (b) OVA/OVA/Vehicle, (c) OVA/OVA/NEt-4IB, (d) inflammatory cell numbers in the peribronchial and perivascular tissue. d Treatment with NEt-4IB suppresses goblet cell metaplasia (final magnification: ×1000). (a) PBS/OVA/Vehicle, (b) OVA/OVA/Vehicle, (c) OVA/OVA/NEt-4IB, (d) the number of mucus-positive cells. e (a) IL-4, (b) IL-5, (c) IL-13 in BAL fluid, (d) TNF-α in the lung, (e) NO in BAL fluid. n = 8–20 in each group. (f) The expression levels of iNOS in the lung were determined by Western blotting as described in the Methods. n = 4 in each group. f Serum levels of (a) total IgE, (b) anti-OVA IgG1, (c) anti-OVA IgE. n = 8–20 in each group. The results for each group are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Mac macrophage, Eos eosinophil, Lym lymphocyte, and Neu neutrophil. * Significant differences (P < 0.05) between PBS/OVA/Vehicle and OVA/OVA/Vehicle. # Significant differences (P < 0.05) between OVA/OVA/Vehicle and OVA/OVA/NEt-4IB. † Significant difference (P < 0.05) between OVA/OVA/NEt-4IB and OVA/OVA/PSL