Table 2 Potential endothelial based treatments in asthma
From: The role of the endothelium in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Pathway targeted | Drug | Outcome | Stage of testing | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Inflammation | ICS | Reduced airway VEGF and airway vascularity | Phase II | [132] |
VEGF | SU5614 | Reduced airway VEGF, inflammation and AHR | Murine model | [142] |
SU1498 | Reduced airway VEGF, inflammation and AHR | Murine model | [142] | |
Angiogenesis | VE-cadherin antibody | Reduced angiogenesis, IgE production, eosinophil infiltration and AHR | Murine model | [143] |
Chemokine signalling | AMD3100 (chemokine receptor anatagonist) | Reduced airway pulmonary EPCs, eosinophil accumulation, vascularity and AHR | Murine model | [144] |
TEM | Theophylline | Reduced adhesion of eosinophils to endothelium | in vitro | [145] |
Montelukast | Reduced eosinophil transmigration across endothelium | in vitro | [146] | |
VUF-K-8788 (Histamine H1 antagonist) | Reduced adherence of eosinophils to endothelium in vitro. Reduction of pulmonary eosinophil accumulation. | Guinea pig model | [147] |