Table 1 Summary of the most abundant findings about oxidative stress biomarkers in COPD

MDA

spectrophotometer, following reaction with TBA

↑^25–45/n.d.^48–53,55

↑^26,29,46,47/n.d.⁴⁰

HPLC, following reaction with TBA

↑^56,57

HPLC

↑⁵⁸

spectrophotometer, following reaction with 1-methyl-2-phenylindole

↑^59–61

↑^59,60

Lipid peroxides

spectrophotometer, in a solution containing cholesterol-iodide

↑⁵⁹

spectrophotometer, following reaction with peroxidase

↑⁶²

Coniugated dienes

spectrophotometer

↑^27,59

Oxidized LDL

specific enzyme immunoassay

↑⁶²

8-isoprostane

specific enzyme immunoassay

↑⁶³

Protein carbonyls

spectrophotometer, following the reaction with DNPH

↑^{29,35,36,40,59,60,69}/n.d.⁷³

↑⁵⁹/n.d^29,36,40

immunochemically, following the reaction with DNPH

↑^46,70,71/n.d. ⁷²

labeling with tritiated borohydride

↑⁵²

↑⁵³

AOPP

spectrophotometer

↑^32,40/n.d⁴⁹

n.d ⁴⁰

Protein SH groups

following reaction with Ellman’s reagent

↓^{29,30,36,55,92}/n.d.³⁹

n.d ^29,36

measuring albumin on a chemistry automated analyzer

↓⁵⁶

subtracting GSH from total thiols

↓⁵³/n.d⁴⁰

Plasma reduced GSH

following reaction with Ellman’s reagent

↓^{28,34,40,41,43,45,53}/n.d ^55,72

n.d ⁴⁰

Plasma total glutathione

following reaction with Ellman’s reagent and glutathione reductase

n.d ⁴⁷

Plasma total/oxidized glutathione ratio

following reaction with Ellman’s reagent with glutathione reductase and 1-methyl-2-vinylpyridine

n.d ⁹⁵

Erythrocyte reduced GSH

following reaction with Ellman’s reagent

↓^26,37

↓²⁶

following reaction with a reagent different from Ellman’s

n.d.⁴⁸

Whole blood total glutathione

following reaction with Ellman’s reagent with glutathione reductase and 2-vinylpyridine

↑^29,36

↑²⁹

Plasma total thiols

following reaction with Ellman’s reagent

↓⁵¹/↑⁶⁹

↓⁴⁰

Erythrocytic SOD activity

Mc Cord and Fridovich assay

↑^36,69/↓^98,99/n.d.³³

n.d ⁴⁶

Misra and Fridovich assay

↓²⁷/↑²⁷

Marklund and Marklund assay

↓²⁹/n.d ⁴⁰

Das K. assay

↓³⁰

Plasma SOD activity

Mc Cord and Fridovich assay

↑⁶¹/↓^32,41/n.d ^70,71

n.d ⁴⁷

ELISA

↓¹⁰⁵

Erythrocytic CAT activity

monitoring the decomposition rate of H₂O₂

↓^26,29,98,99/n.d^27,33,36,40

↓²⁶/n.d^40,46

Plasma CAT activity

monitoring the decomposition rate of H₂O₂

↓^34,43/n.d^47,71

ELISA

n.d¹⁰⁵

Erythrocytic GSHPx activity

evaluating the oxidation of NADPH

↓^{26,27,29,33,36,98}

↓^46,106

Plasma GSHPx activity

evaluating the oxidation of NADPH

↓^34,41,43/↑^36,105/n.d.⁶¹

assaying the content of reduced glutathione

↑⁴⁰

Whole blood GSHPx activity

evaluating the oxidation of NADPH

↓⁶⁹