From: Spirometric variability in smokers: transitions in COPD diagnosis in a five-year longitudinal study
Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysisa |
---|---|---|
Odds Ratio (95 % CI) | Odds Ratio (95 % CI) | |
‘All Smokers’, irrespective of spirometric disease at baseline | ||
n = 1553 | ||
Abnormal spirometric state at onset of 18-month observation unit | 0.33 (0.31, 0.36)** | 0.36 (0.33, 0.39)** |
Age ≥ 60 year. | 0.67 (0.56, 0.79)** | 0.69 (0.56, 0.85)** |
Male sex | 0.50 (0.43, 0.58)** | 0.51 (0.43, 0.6)** |
Hispanic ethnicity | 1.70 (1.44, 2.00)** | 1.90 (1.47, 2.46)** |
Excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 1.26 (1.1, 1.45)** | 1.38 (1.16, 1.64)** |
History of hypertension | 0.70 (0.61, 0.82)** | 0.88 (0.74, 1.06) |
History of asthma + bronchodilator reversibility | 0.23 (0.11, 0.52)** | 0.42 (0.23, 0.77)** |
‘Smokers with normal spirometry at baseline’ | ||
n = 956 | ||
Abnormal spirometric state at onset of 18-month observation unit | 0.34 (0.27, 0.42)** | 0.34 (0.28, 0.42)** |
Age ≥ 60 year. | 0.79 (0.67, 0.94)** | 0.88 (0.63, 1.25) |
Male sex | 0.78 (0.67, 0.91)** | 0.51 (0.39, 0.67)** |
Hispanic ethnicity | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 1.62 (1.09, 2.41)* |
Excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.38)** | 1.61 (1.22, 2.11)** |
History of hypertension | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.77, 1.38) |
History of asthma + bronchodilator reversibility | 0.19 (0.03, 1.21) | 0.12 (0, 2.77) |
‘Smokers with abnormal spirometry at baseline’ | ||
n = 597 | ||
Abnormal spirometric state at onset of 18-month observation unit | 0.77 (0.67, 0.88)** | 0.81 (0.7, 0.93)** |
Age ≥ 60 year. | 0.86 (0.63, 1.16) | 0.89 (0.64, 1.23) |
Male sex | 0.57 (0.44, 0.75)** | 0.57 (0.43, 0.75)** |
Hispanic ethnicity | 2.46 (1.74, 3.49)** | 2.59 (1.78, 3.78)** |
Excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 1.34 (1.03, 1.75)* | 1.14 (0.85, 1.52) |
History of hypertension | 0.96 (0.73, 1.25) | 1.07 (0.8, 1.42) |
History of asthma + bronchodilator reversibility | 0.89 (0.39, 2.06) | 0.76 (0.37, 1.59) |