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Table 1 Effects of pretreatments on the bronchial tone at rest immediately after the end of cyclic stretch

From: The impact of low-frequency, low-force cyclic stretching of human bronchi on airway responsiveness

  

Cyclic stretch effect on the basal tone during stretching period, difference between control and stretch group

Effect of pretreatment

Effect size pretreatment

n

in absence of pretreatment (g)

in presence of pretreatment (g)

(g)

|d| [95% CI]

Epithelium removal

13

0.76 ± 0.08a

0.53 ± 0.10a

−0.23 ± 0.09 d

−0.70 [−1.48 − 0.10]

Indomethacin (1 μM)

8

1.14 ± 0.2b

1.14 ± 0.18a

0.01 ± 0.10

0.00 [−1.01 − 1.01]

MK476 (1 μM)

7

1.22 ± 0.2b

0.89 ± 0.14a

−0.33 ± 0.12d

−0.68 [−1.70 − 0.44]

L-NAME (1 mM)

14

0.61 ± 0.15b

1.18 ± 0.15a

0.57 ± 0.14e

1.02 [0.20 − 1.77]

Nicardipine (10 μM)

10

0.65 ± 0.12a

1.03 ± 0.18a

0.38 ± 0.18

0.78 [−0.16 − 1.66]

Tetrodotoxin (1 μM)

7

1.07 ± 0.19b

1.29 ± 0.28b

0.22 ± 0.16

0.35 [−0.73 − 1.38]

Gadolinium (0.1 mM)

8

1.18 ± 0.20a

1.24 ± 0.15a

0.06 ± 0.18

0.12 [−0.87 − 1.10]

Tertiapine (10 μM)

9

0.51 ± 0.13b

−0.74 ± 0.12a

−1.25 ± 0.17f

−3.32 [−4.50− −1.85]

Capsazepine (1 μM)

8

1.19 ± 0.14a

0.92 ± 0.20b

−0.26 ± 0.23

−0.67 [−1.31− −0.01]

Calphostine C (0.1 μM)

9

1.10 ± 0.23a

1.12 ± 0.25b

0.02 ± 0.29

0.03 [−0.90 − 0.95]

SB203580 (0.1 μM)

10

1.11 ± 0.27b

0.84 ± 0.42

−0.27 ± 0.37

−0.24 [−1.11 − 0.65]

Y27632 (1 μM)

11

1.10 ± 0.25b

−0.75 ± 0.30c

−1.85 ± 0.50e

−2.03 [−2.96– − 0.93]

  1. The difference between pre-stretching basal tone and bronchial tone at rest immediately after the end of stretch (difference between the points 3 and 4, Fig. 1) corresponded to the direct effect of cyclic stretch. Values are means ± standard error of the mean and standardized effect size |d| and its 95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference between means. The observed effect of pretreatment is small (IdI ≥ 0.20), medium (IdI ≥ 0.50), or large (IdI ≥ 0.80) according to the Cohen’s conventions [23]. The 95% CI for |d| consists of the uncertainty around the real effect of pretreatment. a P < 0.001, b P < 0.01, c P < 0.05 stretched vs. paired non-stretched control bronchi. d P < 0.05, e P < 0.01, f P < 0.001 pretreatment vs. no pretreatment