Fig. 1

TROP2 expression is elevated in airway epithelium in lung tissue samples from COPD patients. a Immunohistochemistry staining for TROP2 performed on sections from non-smokers, smokers without COPD and smokers with COPD. Paired low and high magnification images are shown for each patient type to highlight localization of the staining. (a), (b), (c) × 100; (d), (e), (f) × 200; scale bars = 50 μm. b Quantification of TROP2 staining in sections from all patients (n = 72). c Immunofluorescent staining for TROP2 and cytokeratin 5 performed on sections from a smoker with COPD and a non-smoker. ^* P < 0.01 vs non-smokers; ^# P < 0.01 vs smokers without COPD