Fig. 3From: Vitamin D and allergic airway disease shape the murine lung microbiome in a sex-specific mannerThe effects of vitamin D deficiency on lung bacterial load in naïve mice. Female BALB/c mice (dams) were fed vitamin D-containing (VitD+) or vitamin D-null (VitD−) diets from 3 weeks of age and used to produce offspring. A subgroup of the vitamin D-deficient offspring was fed a vitamin D-supplemented diet from 8 weeks of age (VitD−to VitD+). Bacterial DNA levels were determined in the lungs of naïve mice using a PCR with universal primers for detection of bacterial 16S rRNA gene (mean + SEM for 10–15 mice/treatment)Back to article page