Table 2 Epigenetic regulatory factors associated with asthma in airway epithelial cells

Gene

Status

Function

References

 KRT5^a

Hypo-methylation

Epithelial homeostasis

[97, 99]

 STAT5A^a

Hyper-methylation

Immune system, Cell proliferation

[99]

 CRIP1^a

Hyper-methylation

Epithelial homeostasis, transcription

[99]

 ARG2^a

Hyper-methylation

Reduced FeNO

[100]

 IL-6^a

Hypo-methylation

Increased FeNO

[98]

 iNOS^a

Hypo-methylation

Increased FeNO

[98]

 ADAM33

Hyper-methylation

BHR

[101]

HDAC/HAT

Status

Function

References

 H3K18

Acetylation

Increases the expression of ΔNp63, EGFR and STAT6 affecting epithelial homeostasis

[109]

 HDAC2^a

De-acetylation

Anti-inflammatory

[112]

miRNA

Status

Function

References

 let-7f^b

Overexpressed

unknown

[121]

 miR-487b^b

 miR-181c^b

 miR-203^b

Suppressed

Targeting p63 and c-Abl

[121–123]

 miR-34/449 family

Suppressed

Targeting NOTCH1 mRNA and affecting cell homeostasis

[125]

 miR-18a

Suppressed

activation/signalling of IL-6 and IL-8

[129]

 miR-27a

 miR-128

 miR-155

 miR-19a^c

Overexpressed

Targeting TGF-β receptor 2 mRNA and affecting cell homeostasis

[130]