Table 4 Biomarkers in subject samples, measured in exhaled air, exhaled breath condensate, particles in exhaled air, and plasma
From: Respiratory symptoms, sleep-disordered breathing and biomarkers in nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux
No nGER (n = 42) | nGER (n = 48) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Exhaled air: | |||
FeNO (ppb) | 15 (13–20) | 17 (11–25) | 0.48 |
EBC: | |||
Substance P (pg/ml) | 623 (562–676) | 741 (626–821) | <0.001 |
Neurokinin A (% detected) | 17 % | 30 % | 0.13 |
Pepsin (ng/ml) | 0.8 (0.8–3.6) | 2.5 (0.8–5.8) | 0.03 |
IL-8 EBC (% detected) | 12 % | 19 % | 0.37 |
8-isoprostane (pg/ml) | 2.6 (2.2–2.9) | 3.0 (2.7–3.9) | 0.002 |
PEx: | |||
Albumin (mg/ga) | 73 (57–91) | 48 (31–69) | <0.001 |
SP-A (mg/ga) | 38 (31–43) | 25 (20–35) | <0.001 |
Albumin/SP-A (ratio) | 1.92 (1.50–2.64) | 1.74 (1.26–2.95) | 0.79 |
Plasma: | |||
hs-CRP (mg/l) | 1.05 (0.68–2.26) | 1.08 (0.62–1.94) | 0.96 |
IL-8 plasma (% detected) | 57 % | 52 % | 0.63 |
SP-A (ng/ml) | 34.7 (29.8–48.6) | 35.6 (27.6–47.0) | 0.81 |