Fig. 4

Serum EV miR-21-5p levels adjusted for the serum EV levels are increased in IPF patients. a The relative levels of human serum CD9-positive pan-EVs in healthy control subjects and IPF patients were determined using ExoScreen as signal intensities. b The expression levels of EV miR-21-5p in EVs isolated from 1 mL serum were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. c The expression of EV miR-21-5p normalized by dividing it by the relative EV amount is shown as the copy number of miR-21-5p divided by the signal intensity for CD9-positive pan-EVs in the serum samples. Differences between the groups were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test