Fig. 3
From: Metformin attenuates lung fibrosis development via NOX4 suppression
Metformin and NOX4 regulate SMAD phosphorylation in LF. a WB using anti-phospho-SMAD2, anti-SMAD2, anti-phospho-SMAD3, anti-SMAD3, and anti-β-actin of cell lysates from control siRNA (lane 1, 2) and NOX4 siRNA (lane 3, 4) transfected LF. TGF-β (2 ng/ml) treatment was started 48 h post transfection. Protein samples were collected after 30 min treatment with TGF-β. In the right panels are the average (±SEM) taken from three independent experiments shown as relative expression. Open bar is control and filled bar is TGF-β treated. *p < 0.05. b WB using anti-phospho-SMAD2, anti-SMAD2, anti-phospho-SMAD3, anti-SMAD3, and anti-β-actin of cell lysates from control (lane 1, 2) and metformin (10 mM) (lane 3, 4) treated LF. Metformin treatment was started 1 h before TGF-β (2 ng/ml) stimulation and protein samples were collected after 30 min treatment with TGF-β. In the right panels are the average (±SEM) taken from three independent experiments shown as relative expression. Open bar is control and filled bar is TGF-β treated. *p < 0.05