From: Risk factors for an acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
 | Non-AE |  | AE |  | P Value a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 41) | (N = 24) | ||||
Age, median (IQR), y | 69.0 | (62.0 to 73.0) | 68.0 | (62.0 to 73.5) | 0.995 |
Sex, No. (%) | |||||
 Men | 31 | (75.6) | 20 | (83.3) | 1.000 |
 Women | 10 | (24.4) | 4 | (16.7) |  |
Smoking, No. (%) | |||||
 S | 7 | (17.1) | 3 | (12.5) | 1.000 |
 Ex | 25 | (61.0) | 17 | (70.8) |  |
 N | 9 | (22.0) | 4 | (16.7) |  |
Smoking index, pack-years | 35.8 | (1.0 to 52.3) | 31.3 | (15.0 to 50.0) | 0.940 |
Cardiovascular diseases, No. (%) | |||||
 Yes | 10 | (24.4) | 8 | (33.3) | 1.000 |
 No | 31 | (75.6) | 16 | (66.7) |  |
Atopic diseases, No. (%) | |||||
 Yes | 3 | (7.3) | 1 | (4.2) | 1.000 |
 No | 38 | (92.7) | 23 | (95.8) |  |
Baseline pulmonary function | |||||
 VC, median (IQR), % predicted | 81.0 | (64.1 to 95.0) | 69.2 | (59.5 to 83.0) | 0.074 |
 FVC, median (IQR), % predicted | 80.4 | (59.0 to 93.9) | 70.5 | (59.9 to 82.1) | 0.055 |
 TLC, median (IQR), % predicted | 75.9 | (63.0 to 90.0) | 66.1 | (54.0 to 77.0) | 0.020 |
 DLCO, median (IQR), % predicted | 58.0 | (46.1 to 72.5) | 46.2 | (41.0 to 72.3) | 0.276 |
 KCO, median (IQR), % predicted | 69.5 | (60.8 to 85.0) | 73.0 | (57.7 to 78.0) | 0.866 |
GAP stage, No. (%) | |||||
 I | 25 | (69.4) | 10 | (45.5) | 1.000 |
 II | 9 | (25.0) | 12 | (54.5) |  |
 III | 2 | (5.6) | 0 | (0.0) |  |
CPI | 37.3 | (22.2 to 47.6) | 47.7 | (30.5 to 54.9) | 0.190 |
Respiratory parameters b | |||||
 PaO2, median (IQR), mm Hg | 80.7 | (75.3 to 91.0) | 81.0 | (75.2 to 94.5) | 0.810 |
 A-a DO2, median (IQR), mm Hg | 17.5 | (3.8 to 26.2) | 17.2 | (4.1 to 25.2) | 0.889 |
Hematologic data | |||||
 WBC, median (IQR),/mm3 | 6700 | (5800 to 8100) | 7350 | (5750 to 9300) | 0.442 |
 Neutrophils, median (IQR), % | 62.8 | (57.0 to 69.4) | 63.9 | (58.0 to 69.0) | 0.897 |
 Eosinophils, median (IQR), % | 3.0 | (2.0 to 4.7) | 2.9 | (1.8 to 4.4) | 0.545 |
Serum markers | |||||
 CRP, median (IQR), mg/dL | 0.31 | (0.06 to 0.69) | 0.29 | (0.13 to 0.64) | 0.688 |
 LDH, median (IQR), U/L | 235 | (187.0 to 255.0) | 247 | (223.5 to 296.0) | 0.082 |
 KL-6, median (IQR), U/mL | 912 | (595.0 to 1802.0) | 1258 | (744.5 to 2006.0) | 0.246 |
 SP-D, median (IQR), ng/mL | 203 | (131.0 to 342.0) | 269 | (178.6 to 343.0) | 0.285 |
BAL fluid findings | |||||
 Total cell count, median (IQR), ×105/mL | 2.50 | (1.40 to 3.67) | 3.21 | (2.22 to 3.97) | 0.099 |
 Macrophages, median (IQR), % | 80.2 | (62.5 to 88.9) | 76.6 | (67.3 to 84.8) | 0.492 |
 Lymphocytes, median (IQR), % | 6.8 | (3.9 to 11.4) | 11.6 | (3.2 to 17.1) | 0.649 |
 Neutrophils, median (IQR), % | 6.7 | (2.9 to 13.3) | 7.0 | (3.2 to 10.5) | 0.807 |
 Eosinophils, median (IQR), % | 3.3 | (1.2 to 5.4) | 4.6 | (2.1 to 7.0) | 0.259 |
 CD4/8 ratio, median (IQR) | 1.90 | (0.86 to 3.70) | 1.10 | (0.60 to 1.90) | 0.065 |
Treatment after the diagnosis | |||||
Steroid, No. (%) | |||||
 yes | 7 | (17.1) | 8 | (33.3) | 1.000 |
 No | 34 | (82.9) | 16 | (66.7) |  |
Immunosuppressive agent c, No. (%) | |||||
 Yes | 3 | (7.3) | 6 | (25.0) | 1.000 |
 No | 38 | (92.7) | 18 | (75.0) |  |
Steroid with immunosuppressive agent, No. (%) | |||||
 Yes | 3 | (7.3) | 5 | (20.8) | 1.000 |
 No | 38 | (92.7) | 19 | (79.2) |  |
Pirfenidone, No. (%) | |||||
 Yes | 8 | (19.5) | 6 | (25.0) | 1.000 |
 No | 33 | (80.5) | 18 | (75.0) |  |
NAC, No. (%) | |||||
 Yes | 8 | (19.5) | 5 | (20.8) | 1.000 |
 No | 33 | (80.5) | 19 | (79.2) |  |