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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and comparison between hospital survivors and non-survivors in patients admitted to ICU with pneumonia

From: Risk factors for mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units with pneumonia

Characteristics

Total patients (n = 667)a

Hospital non-survivors (n = 149)b

Hospital survivors (n = 518)c

P-value

Baseline variables

 Age (year): mean (SD)

60.7 (15.95)

68.4 (13.80)

58.5 (15.85)

<0.001d

 Female: n (%)

292 (43.78)

54 (36.24)

238 (45.95)

0.035e

 BMI (kg/m2): mean (SD)

28.2 (7.71)

27.7 (7.44)

28.3 (7.78)

0.36d

 APACHE II score: mean (SD)

21.3 (7.53)

24.6 (7.36)

20.4 (7.32)

<0.001d

 Medical admission: n (%)

650 (97.45)

147 (98.67)

503 (97.10)

0.29e

 History of malignancy: n (%)

30 (4.50)

11 (7.38)

19 (3.67)

0.054e

 End-stage renal disease: n (%)

10 (1.50)

5 (3.36)

5 (0.97)

0.034f

 Chronic hepatic failure: n (%)

7 (1.05)

1 (0.67)

6 (1.16)

0.61f

 Chronic respiratory disease: n (%)

117 (17.54)

39 (26.17)

78 (15.06)

0.002e

 Chronic heart failure: n (%)

27 (4.05)

13 (8.72)

14 (2.70)

0.001e

 Immunocompromise: n (%)

98 (14.69)

28 (18.79)

70 (13.51)

0.11e

 Personal or family history of venous thromboembolism: n (%)

28 (4.20)

4 (2.68)

24 (4.63)

0.30f

Intervention within the first 24 h on admission: n (%)

 Inotropes/vasopressors

284 (42.58)

78 (52.35)

206 (39.77)

0.006e

 Mechanical ventilation

621 (93.10)

140 (93.96)

481 (92.86)

0.64e

 Dialysis

21 (3.15)

11 (7.38)

10 (1.93)

0.001e

 Red blood cell transfusion

37 (5.55)

13 (8.72)

24 (4.63)

0.054e

 Central venous catheterization

532 (79.76)

133 (89.26)

399 (77.03)

0.001e

 Acetylsalicylic acid or clopidogrel

169 (25.34)

54 (36.24)

115 (22.20)

0.001e

 Statins

104 (15.59)

28 (18.79)

76 (14.67)

0.22e

 Stress ulcer prophylaxis

584 (88.35)

135 (91.84)

449 (87.35)

0.14e

 Erythropoietin-stimulating agents

5 (0.76)

2 (1.35)

3 (0.59)

0.35f

 Activated protein C

7 (1.05)

2 (1.35)

5 (0.97)

0.69f

  1. ICU intensive care unit, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation
  2. aMedian follow-up: 16 days, interquartile range: 10–29
  3. bMedian follow-up: 15 days, interquartile range: 8–26
  4. cMedian follow-up: 17 days, interquartile range: 10–30
  5. dStudent’s t-test
  6. eChi-square test
  7. fFisher’s exact test