Fig. 1

Algorithm based on serum and BAL cell count and analysis. This descriptive algorithm attempts to describe probabilities for acute AR in lung transplant recipients and as such might assist in decision-making to increase or decrease the likelihood for acute AR in the context of the clinical presentation. Since results from studies with very different designs have been included direct translation in a clinical setting is not feasible and the use of this algorithm does not obviate the need for biopsy to confirm or exclude histology-proven acute rejection. It is important to note that in the absence of an explicit allograft infection, in which bronchoscopy might be postponed in favour of empiric antimicrobial treatment, any lung transplant recipient with a lung functional drop (FEV1 > 10 %) should undergo diagnostic bronchoscopy independent of blood analysis. * Numbers may vary between different studies. ** Absence of microbiological evidence for infection