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Fig. 3 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 3

From: Pharmacological characterisation of the interaction between glycopyrronium bromide and indacaterol fumarate in human isolated bronchi, small airways and bronchial epithelial cells

Fig. 3

Duration of action for glycopyrronium (a) and indacaterol (b) in human isolated bronchi stimulated using EFS at 10 Hz to mimic the vagus nerve firing. The observed and expected additive relaxant effect of the drug mixture (both at EC20, as predicted by the Bliss Independence theory) are reported during the 12 h of the study (c). Delta effect between observed and expected relaxant response, as predicted by the Bliss Independence theory, induced by glycopyrronium and indacaterol in human isolated bronchi contracted using EFS at 10 Hz to mimic the vagus nerve firing during 12 h of the study (d). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from experiments performed using samples from n = 3 different subjects. ***P < 0.001 vs. expected relaxant response (statistical significance assessed by two-way ANOVA). ECn: dose inducing n% maximal effect; EFS: electrical field stimulation; GLY: glycopyrronium bromide; IND: indacaterol fumarate

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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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