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Fig. 2 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 2

From: Pharmacological characterisation of the interaction between glycopyrronium bromide and indacaterol fumarate in human isolated bronchi, small airways and bronchial epithelial cells

Fig. 2

a Effect of glycopyrronium and indacaterol on the luminal area of human small airways using PCLS submaximally contracted with acetylcholine (EC70). b Expected and observed relaxant response induced by glycopyrronium and indacaterol in human small airways using PCLS submaximally pre-contracted with acetylcholine (EC70), as predicted by the Bliss Independence theory for the whole range of EC (% Emax). The isoeffective concentrations of glycopyrronium and indacaterol have been indicated below the X-axis. c Delta effect between observed and expected relaxant response induced by glycopyrronium and indacaterol in human small airways using PCLS submaximally pre-contracted with acetylcholine (EC70), as predicted by the Bliss Independence theory for the whole range of EC (% Emax). The isoeffective concentrations of glycopyrronium and indacaterol have been indicated below the X-axis. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from experiments performed using samples from n = 3 different subjects. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 vs. expected relaxant response (statistical significance assessed by t test analysis). ECn: dose inducing n% maximal effect; Emax: maximal effect; GLY: glycopyrronium bromide; IND: indacaterol fumarate; PCLS: precision cut lung slice

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