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Table 1 Characteristics of the A1ATD and usual COPD cohorts

From: Free light chains: potential biomarker and predictor of mortality in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and usual COPD

Variable

A1ATD cohort (n = 540)

Usual COPD cohort (n = 316)

p

Age

53.9 (45.0–60.9)

68.8 (61.5–75.1)

<0.001

Sex

Male n = 311 (57.6 %)

Male n = 182 (57.6 %)

0.999

Female n = 229 (42.4 %)

Female n = 134 (42.4 %)

Pack years

11.6 (0.0–24.0)

44.1 (29.5–62.2)

<0.001

FEV1 (% predicted)

50.7 (35.1–85.1)

46.4 (35.0–61.0)

<0.001

KCO (% predicted)

62.3 (49.3–77.0)

59 (47.5–77.0)

0.533

Chronic bronchitis

185 (34.3 %)

198 (62.7 %)

<0.001

Emphysema

358 (66.3 %)

257 (81.3 %)

0.002

Bronchiectasis

142 (26.3 %)

96 (30.3 %)

0.678

Frequent exacerbator

129 (40.8 %)

193 (61.1 %)

<0.001

eGFR

81.3 (70.6–93.9)

85.8 (69.7–101.1)

0.063

CKD stage

  

0.002

1

eGFR ≥ 90

156 (28.9 %)

119 (37.6 %)

2

eGFR 60–89

279 (51.7 %)

130 (41.1 %)

3

eGFR 30–59

41 (7.6 %)

35 (11.1 %)

4

eGFR 15–29

2 (0.4 %)

4 (1.3 %)

5

eGFR < 15

1 (0.2 %)

0 (0 %)

Unknown (no eGFR)

61 (11.3 %)

28 (8.9 %)

cFLC (mg/L)

25.7 (21.1–31.7)

31.9 (24.0–43.3)

<0.001

κ/λ

0.86 (0.71–1.08)

0.86 (0.72–1.06)

0.967

  1. Number of patients with contemporaneous renal function = 479 A1ATD, 288 usual COPD. Continuous variables expressed as median (IQR); sex, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, exacerbators and CKD stage expressed as number in each group (%). A frequent exacerbator was defined as having 2 or more exacerbations per year. BMI body mass index, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, KCO corrected gas transfer, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, cFLC combined (κ + λ) free light chain level (mg/L)
  2. P values highlighted in bold indicate significant differences between the A1ATD and Usual COPD cohorts (p ≤ 0.05)