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Fig. 1 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 1

From: Combination therapy of tiotropium and ciclesonide attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in a guinea pig model of chronic asthma

Fig. 1

Experimental procedure. a acute protocol, b chronic protocol. Male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (n = 3–8 animals per group, see Additional file 1: Table S1-S3 for overview of groups) were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml allergen solution containing 100 μg/ml ovalbumin and 100 mg/ml Al(OH)3, and intracutaneous injection of 0.5 ml allergen solution. Subsequently, guinea pigs were challenged with OVA (0.05–0.1 %) via inhalation of aerosolized solution. Tiotropium (tio; 0.01–0.3 mM; 3 min inhalation time) was administered via aerosol inhalation and ciclesonide (cicl; 0.001–1 mg/kg) via intranasal instillation, 24 h and/or 1 h before every challenge. In the acute protocol, a bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 25 h after the ovalbumin challenge. In the chronic protocol, lungs were harvested for tissue sections 24 h after the last of 12 weekly OVA challenges

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