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Table 4 Predictors of time to first moderate to severe exacerbation and time to first severe exacerbation by initial LABD therapy

From: Characteristics, disease burden and costs of COPD patients in the two years following initiation of long-acting bronchodilators in UK primary care

 

Hazard ratio (95 % CI)

 

LAMA

LABA

LABA+ICS

Time to first moderate-severe exacerbation

 Age (years)

NS

NS

1.01 (1.00-1.02)

 Gender (Male vs Female)

0.59 (0.42-0.83)

NS

NS

 COPD incident case (Yes vs No)

2.08 (1.05-4.13)

NS

NS

 Number of moderate to severe exacerbations at baseline

  1 vs 0

2.11 (1.43-3.11)

NS

1.78 (1.41-2.25)

  ≥2 vs 0

5.00 (3.21-7.79)

NS

3.41 (2.73-4.26)

 Number of non-COPD hospitalisations at baseline

  1 vs 0

NS

1.19 (0.40-3.52)

NS

  ≥2 vs 0

NS

15.87 (4.80-52.52)

NS

Time to first severe exacerbation

 MPR (≥80 % vs <80 %)

NS

NS

1.60 (1.17-2.19)

 Age (years)

NS

NS

1.02 (1.01-1.04)

 GP visits

NS

NS

1.01 (1.00-1.01)

 SABD ≥4 vs 0

NS

NS

1.39 (1.02-1.89)

 Number of moderate to severe exacerbations at baseline

  1 vs 0

1.65 (0.92-2.96)

NS

NS

  ≥2 vs 0

2.52 (1.29-4.91)

NS

NS

 Number of non-COPD related hospitalisations at baseline

  1 vs 0

3.32 (1.75-6.30)

NS

1.81 (1.23-2.66)

  ≥2 vs 0

3.12 (1.51-6.45)

NS

1.71 (1.08-2.70)

  1. NS, Not significant; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; LABD, long-acting bronchodilator; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; GP, general practitioner, SABD, short acting bronchodilator