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Table 2 Patient demographics in 12 months prior to initiation of LABD or LABA+ICS

From: Characteristics, disease burden and costs of COPD patients in the two years following initiation of long-acting bronchodilators in UK primary care

 

LABD

 

LABA

LAMA

LABA+LAMA

LABA+ICS

(N = 1317)

(N = 6695)

(N = 271)

(N = 9246)

Gender, male (%)

53

57

60

52

Age at index date, Mean (SD)

68.6 (10.8)

69.3 (10.4)

68.2 (9.8)

68.4 (11.4)

Comorbidity (%)a

 Cancer

9

10

10

10

 Congestive heart disease

5

6

4

5

 Dementia

1

1

0

1

 Diabetes

13

13

11

13

 Peripheral vascular disease

9

9

8

7

 Renal disease

17

17

14

16

 Anxiety

17

17

11

17

 Asthma

16

13

15

38

 Depression

16

14

14

14

 Heart failure

6

7

4

7

 Myocardial infarction

8

10

8

8

 Stroke

5

6

3

5

 Mean CCI (SD)

1.5 (0.9)

1.6 (0.9)

1.3 (0.7)

1.5 (0.9)

Smoking status (%)b

 Ex-smoker + never smoker

50

48

52

52

 Current smoker

42

47

40

38

 Unknown

8

6

8

10

BMI, Mean (SD)bc

27.8 (6.0)

27.2 (6.2)

27.5 (5.7)

27.7 (6.5)

Dyspnea (%)b d

    

 MRC < 3

59

55

48

57

 MRC ≥ 3

41

45

52

43

Airflow limitation (%)be

 FEV1 ≥ 80 %

15

12

10

14

 FEV1 50-79 %

64

61

64

52

 FEV1 30-49 %

19

25

22

27

 FEV1 < 30 %

2

3

5

4

Disease burden [rate per patient year (95 % CI)]f

 Any exacerbations (Moderate to severe)

0.49 (0.45-0.53)

0.49 (0.47-0.51)

0.47 (0.39-0.56)

0.70 (0.68-0.71)

 Hospitalised (severe) exacerbations

0.07 (0.06-0.08)

0.09 (0.08-0.10)

0.10 (0.07-0.14)

0.12 (0.12-0.13)

 Non COPD hospitalizations

0.36 (0.33-0.40)

0.39 (0.37-0.40)

0.39 (0.32-0.47)

0.42 (0.40-0.43)

 Patients with more than 4 SABD prescriptions (%)

25

20

21

29

  1. CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; LABD, long-acting bronchodilator; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antogonist; MRC, Medical Research Council dyspnea scale 1-5; FEV1, Forced expiratory volume; SD, standard deviation; SABD, short-acting bronchodilator
  2. aCharlson Comorbidity Index score calculated based on co-morbidities recorded any time in the patient history up until the index date
  3. bValue closest to index date in prior 12 months
  4. cPercentages represent distribution in patients with a known value. BMI data unknown for N = 1866 (28 %) LAMA users, N = 378 (29 %) LABA users, N = 77 (28 %) LABA+LAMA users and N = 3188 (34 %) of LABA+ICS users
  5. dPercentages represent distribution in patients with a known value. Dyspnea data unknown for N = 2356 (35 %) LAMA users, N = 443 (34 %) LABA users, N = 99 (37 %) LABA+LAMA users and N = 4196 (45 %) of LABA+ICS users
  6. ePercentages represent distribution in patients with a known value. Airflow limitation data unknown for N = 2359 (35 %) LAMA users, N = 450 (34 %) LABA users, N = 87 (32 %) LABA+LAMA users and N = 4340 (47 %) of LABA+ICS users
  7. fExacerbation rate during the full period of 12 months prior to index date