Table 7 Summary of selected literature relevant to sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids in all-cause mortality prediction
First author, year, reference | Marker | Study type | Study population | Key findings | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sigruener et al., 2014, [132] | - Sphingomyelin | Single-center, prospective observational cohort-study (median follow-up of 8Â year) | 2583 CAD-positve patients and 733 controls (LURIC Study) | - 9 PC species (PC 30:0, 30:1, 32:0, 32:1, 34:1, 34:2, 36:1, 38:0, 38:2) were positively associated with mortality | - Single-center study |
- Phosphatidyl-choline | - No information about time of blood sampling | ||||
- Lysophosphati-dylcholine | - PC 32:0 revealed the strongest positive association with mortality | ||||
- 10 PC species (PC 38:3–38:7, 36:4, 36:5, 40:6, 40:7) were significantly associated with a protective effect | |||||
- LysoPC 16:0, 18:0, and 18:2 were all associated with a protective effect | |||||
- The 4 SM species 16:0, 16:1, 24:1, and 24:2 showed positive association with mortality | |||||
Drobnik et al., 2003, [133] | Lysophosphatidyl-choline | Single-center, prospective observational cohort-study (30-day follow-up) | 102 patients with sepsis admitted to the University Hospital of Regensburg (Germany) and 56 healthy controls | - All 12 different lysoPC species and lysoPC-PC ratios were markedly decreased in patients with sepsis compared with healty controls | - Single-center study |
- Small patient populations | |||||
- No information about causes of sepsis | |||||
- The 4 lysoPC species, C16:0, C:18:0, C18:1, and C18:2, accounted for over 90Â % of total lysoPC concentration | |||||
Schlitt et al., 2006, [135] | Sphingomyelin | Multicenter, prospective observational cohort-study (median follow-up of 6 year) | 1102 patients with CAD and 444 healthy controls | - CAD patients showed higher plasma SM levels than healthy controls (mean 51.8 vs. 44.9 mg/dl; p < 0.001) | - Only two-center study |
- No autopsy performed | |||||
- In multivariate analysis, elevated SM (>48.1 mg/dl) was related to cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR 1.8, 95 % CI 1.0–3.3, p < 0.05) in patients with ACS | |||||
Jiang et al., 2000, [136] | Sphingomyelin | Multicenter, observational case-control study | 556 patients scheduled for coronary angiography in New York | - Patients with CAD had higher plasma SM concentrations compared with non-CAD patients (median 52 vs. 44 mg/dl, p < 0.0001) | - Only two-center study |
- No prospective design | |||||
- The odds ratios for CAD patients for the third (2.83, 95 % CI 1.74–4.60, p < 0.0001) and fourth (2.59, 95 % CI 1.60–4.19, p = 0.0001) quartiles were higher than the first quartile |