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Table 3 Respiratory Symptoms and Disease in Subjects With and Without History of Childhood Pneumonia

From: Childhood pneumonia increases risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the COPDGene study

Ā 

Childhood Pneumonia

No Childhood Pneumonia

Impact of Childhood Pneumoniab

Ā 

Nā€‰=ā€‰854 (8.4 %)

Nā€‰=ā€‰9302 (91.6 %)

OR (95 % CI) or Ī² (SE)c

p Valued

Chronic bronchitis (%)

214

(25.1 %)

1730

(18.6 %)

1.40

(1.18, 1.66)

<0.001e

Number of COPD exacerbations in past year (SD)

0.65

(1.2)

0.36

(0.9)

0.18

(0.03)

<0.001f

Had a severe COPD exacerbation in past year (%)

140

(16.4 %)

1063

(11.4 %)

1.28

(1.04, 1.58)

0.02f

Cardiovascular Disease (%)a

179

(21.0 %)

1455

(15.6 %)

1.20

(1.00-1.44)

0.047

Diagnosed with asthma by healthcare provider (%)a

239

(28.0 %)

1508

(16.3 %)

2.15

(1.83, 2.53)

<0.001

Childhood asthma (%)a

137

(16.0 %)

586

(6.3 %)

3.30

(2.68, 4.05)

<0.001

SGRQ Score, Total (SD)a

32.4

(24.0)

26.9

(22.8)

2.32

(0.67)

<0.001g

MMRC Dyspnea Scale, 0-4 (SD)a

1.6

(1.5)

1.3

(1.4)

0.12

(0.04)

0.006g

  1. Abbreviations: COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD standard deviation; SGRQ St. Georgeā€™s Respiratory Questionnaire; MMRC Modified Medical Research Council
  2. aSubjects included are fewer than total subjects due to subject survey response being missing or unclassifiable
  3. bEach row represents a separate regression model
  4. cOdds ratio (OR), 95 % confidence interval (CI) for logistic regression; beta coefficient (Ī²), standard error (SE) for linear regression
  5. dCovariates for all analysesā€‰=ā€‰age at enrollment in yearsā€‰+ā€‰genderā€‰+ā€‰raceā€‰+ā€‰pack-years
  6. fAdditional covariates: ecurrent smoker; current smoker & FEV1 % predicted; gFEV1 % predicted