From: Childhood pneumonia increases risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the COPDGene study
Ā | Childhood Pneumonia | No Childhood Pneumonia | Impact of Childhood Pneumoniab | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ā | Nā=ā854 (8.4 %) | Nā=ā9302 (91.6 %) | OR (95 % CI) or Ī² (SE)c | p Valued | |||
Chronic bronchitis (%) | 214 | (25.1 %) | 1730 | (18.6 %) | 1.40 | (1.18, 1.66) | <0.001e |
Number of COPD exacerbations in past year (SD) | 0.65 | (1.2) | 0.36 | (0.9) | 0.18 | (0.03) | <0.001f |
Had a severe COPD exacerbation in past year (%) | 140 | (16.4 %) | 1063 | (11.4 %) | 1.28 | (1.04, 1.58) | 0.02f |
Cardiovascular Disease (%)a | 179 | (21.0 %) | 1455 | (15.6 %) | 1.20 | (1.00-1.44) | 0.047 |
Diagnosed with asthma by healthcare provider (%)a | 239 | (28.0 %) | 1508 | (16.3 %) | 2.15 | (1.83, 2.53) | <0.001 |
Childhood asthma (%)a | 137 | (16.0 %) | 586 | (6.3 %) | 3.30 | (2.68, 4.05) | <0.001 |
SGRQ Score, Total (SD)a | 32.4 | (24.0) | 26.9 | (22.8) | 2.32 | (0.67) | <0.001g |
MMRC Dyspnea Scale, 0-4 (SD)a | 1.6 | (1.5) | 1.3 | (1.4) | 0.12 | (0.04) | 0.006g |