Fig. 1

The normative ciliary motility slowing response to ODE is absent in MyD88 KO epithelial cells. WT and MyD88 KO tracheal epithelial cells were investigated for ciliary beat frequency (CBF) by video recording and computer-generated calculations. a The normative CBF slowing response to 5 % ODE is lost at 1 and 6 h in MyD88 KO cells. b The β₂ agonist, procaterol, increases CBF in WT and MyD88 KO epithelial cells, demonstrating intact cilia beat response in MyD88 KO cells to non-TLR agonist. Next, at 6 h post-intranasal inhalation of saline or ODE in WT and MyD88 KO mice, mice were euthanized and tracheal epithelial cells were harvested to determine protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon activity. c ODE-induced PKCε activity was absent in MyD88 KO epithelial cells. Bar graphs represent mean with SE bars shown of 4–6 independent experiments, each ran in triplicate. Statistical significance denoted by asterisk (*p < 0.05) as compared to media control