Table 2 Effects of sulforaphane (SF) administration and deep inspiration on A. Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV₁) produced by the bronchoconstrictor MCh, and B. Magnitudes of bronchoprotection (BP) and bronchodilation (BD) effects

A. Treatment

Before SF

After SF

p for SF effect

MCh

−28.7 ± 7.2

−22.7 ± 12.7

0.006

MCh preceded by 4 deep inspirations (for BP)

−23.0 ± 13.4

−19.1 ± 11.9

0.04

MCh followed by 4 deep inspirations (for BD)

−18.4 ± 7.7

−16.3 ± 10.7

0.34

B. Magnitudes of deep inspiration effects

Before SF

After SF

p for SF effect

BP

15.5 ± 52.7

10.3 ± 57.1

0.83

BD

32.5 ± 32.7

26.7 ± 30.6^a

0.33