Fig. 4

CD40 and CD86 increased on BDCA-1+ DCs from peripheral blood during AE-COPD. Peripheral blood was collected during stable visits and during AE-COPD, prior to medication (n = 10 paired samples). Cells were stained and analyzed by flow cytometry. After gating on BDCA-1+ DCs, the percent of cells expressing (a) CD40 and (b) CD86 was determined. Open circles represent individual subjects; mean ± SEM of the grouped data are shown by the single red circles. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to determine significant differences between visits