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Table 5 Same COPD Subjects in Stable and Exacerbation phase (n = 36) Demographics, Salivary Biomarker & Symptom Profiles

From: Measurement of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neutrophil elastase in saliva of COPD patients and healthy controls: correlation to self-reported wellbeing parameters

 

Stable

Exacerbation

P value

Demographics

   

Age, a years

68 ± 9

  

Gender, male (female)

17 (19)

  

FEV1, a % predicted

53 ± 23

48 ± 19

< 0.001

BMI, a (kg/m2)

24.0 ± 6.3

  

Co Morbidities

   

Nil

5

  

Gum Disease

2

  

Cardiac

30

  

Type 2 Diabetes

4

  

Treatment

   

B2 Agonists (Short Acting)

35

  

B2 Agonists (Long Acting)

32

  

Anticholinergic (Short Acting)

5

  

Anticholinergic (Long Acting)

25

  

Inhaled Steroid

31

  

Oral Theophyllines

6

  

Symptom & Sputum Metricsb

  

Increased Cough, n

0

10

< 0.001

MRC Score

5.00, 1.25

5.00, 1.25

< 0.16

Breathing Score

3.00, 0.00

4.00, 1.00

< 0.006

ADL Score

3.00, 1.00

4.00, 2.00

< 0.014

Sputum Amount

2.00, 2.00

3.00, 2.25

< 0.001

Sputum Texture

1.94, 0.33

2.06, 0.41

< 0.001

Sputum Colour

3.00, 1.00

4.00, 0.41

< 0.05

Salivary Biomarkersb

   

CRP, ng/ml

1.61, 1.10

7.35, 10.04

< 0.001

PCT, ng/ml

0.09, 0.06

0.50, 0.71

< 0.001

NE, ng/ml

128, 190

769, 1680

< 0.001

  1. COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; FEV1 = Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s; BMI = Body Mass Index; ex = ex-smokers; MRC = Medical Research Council; ADL = Activity of Daily Living; CRP = C-Reactive Protein; PCT = Procalcitonin; NE = Neutrophil Elastase. Exacerbation frequency is divided into 3 groups: Group 1 = 1–3, Group 2 = 4–6, Group 3 = >6. Data are presented as: a, Mean ± standard deviation; b, Median, inter-quartile range. P values represent the difference between stable and exacerbation phases