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Table 1 Serum levels of periostin in allergic diseases

From: Periostin: its role in asthma and its potential as a diagnostic or therapeutic target

Disease

Assays to detect periostin

Level in blood (pg/ml)

Comments

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS)

IF and semi-quantitative RT-PCR

Periostin was significantly elevated in AFRS sinus tissue compared to CRSsNP and controls by IF (p < 0.001) and PCR (p = 0.011).

Periostin levels positively correlate with radiologic disease severity scores. Increased levels of periostin in AFRS are possibly tied to its intense eosinophilic inflammatory etiology [39].

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)

IHC

Higher expression of POSTN was observed in the CRS group compared to controls (FC = 4.89, pFDR = 0.0006), which was also verified by IHC. After ESS, POSTN expression in the CRS group decreased (FC = −3.074, pFDR = 0.0044), and no longer differed from the controls (FC = 1.56, pFDR = 0.3).

Reduced gene expression of periostin following resolution of disease suggests that POSTN may represent a pathogenesis indicator or biomarker of CRS disease activity and responsiveness to treatment [74].

Atopic Dermatitis (AD)

ELISA

Serum levels of periostin in adult patients with AD (n = 257), patients with PV as a disease control (n = 66), and 25 healthy controls were assayed. Serum periostin was significantly higher in patients with AD than the other two groups. Periostin levels positively correlated with disease severity, TARC levels, LDH levels, and eosinophil counts, but not with IgE levels.

Periostin may play a critical role in disease severity and chronic status in the pathogenesis of AD [33].

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)

ELISA

Serum periostin levels were significantly higher in patients with AERD vs. ATA, in patients with severe asthma vs. nonsevere asthma, and in patients with eosinophilic asthma vs. noneosinophilic asthma (P = 0.005, P = 0.02, and P = 0.001, respectively).

Serum periostin levels are significantly elevated in AERD patients and are associated with AERD phenotype and disease severity [71].

Asthma

ELISA

Serum periostin levels were significantly higher in asthmatic patients with evidence of eosinophilic airway inflammation relative to those with minimal eosinophilic airway inflammation.

Periostin is a systemic biomarker of airway eosinophilia in asthmatic patients and has the potential to be used for patient selection for emerging asthma therapeutics that target Th2 inflammation [36].

  1. IF immunofluorescence, IHC immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, CRSsNP chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, FC fold-change, pFDR positive false discovery rate, ESS endoscopic sinus surgery, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, PV psoriasis vulgaris, TARC thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ATA aspirin tolerant asthma