Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the CanCOLD Subjects

Age, in year [mean(sd)]

67.75 (5.84)

66.06 (8.44)

66.94 (11.20)

67.67 (10.22)

0.952

Sex, male gender [n(%)]

4 (25.00)

5 (31.25)

9 (56.25)

9 (50.00)

0.215

Tobacco smoking status [n(%)]

Never

16 (100.00)

-

7 (43.75)

4 (22.22)

<0.001*

Ex-smokers

-

14 (87.50)

6 (37.50)

9 (50.00)

<0.001*

Current smokers

-

2 (12.50)

3 (18.75)

5 (27.78)

0.149

Cigarette smoker pack-years [mean(sd)]

-

14.56 (11.26)

20.02 (26.57)

27.28 (28.78)

<0.001*

FEV_1, L

2.38 (0.48)

2.55 (0.63)

2.59 (0.56)

1.60 (0.70)

<0.001*

FEV₁, % predicted

101.28 (11.33)

100.04 (10.75)

101.06 (20.55)

60.62 (16.68)

<0.001*

FEV₁/FVC, %

76.39 (4.21)

78.23 (4.48)

67.04 (7.14)

53.18 (12.93)

<0.001*

Biomarker expression [mean(sd)]

RelB (X10⁻³)

0.74 (1.08)

0.61 (0.19)

0.61 (0.28)

0.56 (0.16)

0.326

COX-2 (X10⁻³)

7.74 (8.35)

5.62 (1.94)

6.30 (2.74)

6.76 (2.95)

0.453

146a (X10-3)

0.09 (0.11)

0.46 (1.10)

0.47 (0.62)

1.22 (3.37)

0.064