Skip to main content

Table 2 Participant characteristics across four sites in Peru (p-values calculated using Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables, and chi-squared or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables)

From: Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and variation in risk factors across four geographically diverse resource-limited settings in Peru

 

Lima

Urban Puno

Rural Puno

Tumbes

Overall

P

 

998 (33.8)

507 (17.2)

506 (17.1)

946 (32.0)

2957

 

Age in years, median (IQR)

54.7 (45.5, 64.0)

54.8 (44.9, 64.5)

54.8 (45.1, 63.9)

54.9 (45.0, 64.8)

54.8 (45.2, 64.3)

0.87

Number of males (%)

492 (49.3)

250 (49.3)

240 (47.4)

475 (50.2)

1457 (49.3)

0.80

Height in m, median (IQR)

1.54. (1.49, 1.61)

1.57 (1.50, 1.63)

1.55 (1.49, 1.62)

1.58 (1.52, 1.65)

1.56 (1.50, 1.63)

<0.001

BMI >30 kg/m 2 , n (%)

324 (32.5)

133 (26.4)

54 (10.8)

299 (31.6)

810 (27.5)

<0.001

Daily smoking, n (%)

32 (3.2)

11 (2.2)

1 (0.2)

53 (5.6)

97 (3.3)

<0.001

Rural origin, n (%)

510 (51.2)

103 (20.5)

481 (96.4)

285 (30.2)

1379 (46.9)

<0.001

Wealth index, n (%)

      

 Low

119 (11.9)

120 (23.9)

356 (70.4)

307 (32.5)

902 (30.6)

<0.001

 Middle

366 (36.7)

129 (25.7)

136 (26.9)

387 (40.9)

1018 (34.5)

 

 High

513 (51.4)

254 (50.5)

14 (2.8)

252 (26.6)

1033 (35.0)

 

Exposures, n (%)

      

 Daily use of biomass fuels for cooking

61 (6.1)

25 (5.0)

483 (96.6)

221 (23.4)

790 (26.8)

<0.001

 Cooks indoors

573 (57.8)

436 (86.7)

453 (90.8)

497 (53.0)

1959 (66.8)

<0.001

Clinical, (%)

      

 History of tuberculosis

69 (6.9)

3 (0.6)

7 (1.4)

7 (0.7)

86 (2.9)

<0.001

 History of asthma

82 (8.2)

13 (2.6)

3 (0.6)

16 (1.7)

114 (3.9)

<0.001

 Family History of asthma

146 (24.7)

18 (3.6)

8 (1.6)

51 (7.9)

223 (10.0)

<0.001

 Family History of COPD

4 (0.7)

4 (0.8)

0

0

8 (0.4)

0.04