Table 3 Univariate analyses of associations between various factors and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in non-COPD and COPD, respectively

Sex (female^†)

−0.038

0.245

−0.007

0.874

Age^‡

−0.081

0.012

−0.074

0.072

Underweight (normal weight^†)

0.001

0.992

−0.054

0.423

Overweight (normal weight^†)

−0.124

0.221

−0.118

0.010

Obese (normal weight^†)

−0.009

0.837

0.202

0.840

Pack years^‡

0.099

0.002

0.124

0.003

Ex-smoker (non smoker^†)

0.045

0.195

0.102

0.043

Current smoker (non smoker^†)

0.106

0.011

0.256

<0.001

Productive cough, prc (no prc^†)

0.004

0.904

0.060

0.148

mMRC ≥ 2 (<2^†)

0.003

0.929

0.034

0.424

FEV₁% pred^‡

−0.040

0.219

−0.118

0.004