Figure 2

Sagittal plane joint angle mean ensemble curves for the stance phase of gait for the: A) ankle, B) knee, and C) hip. Positive values represent dorsiflexion and flexion. Peak joint angles are shown in the bar graphs for the healthy controls rest (solid gray), healthy controls no rest (striped gray), COPD rest (solid black), and COPD no rest (striped black). Note: ^ indicates a significant (P < 0.05) main effect of condition (rest vs no rest) in the model without covariates whereas, # indicates the same main effect but in the model in which the covariates age, gender and smoking history have been added. In both models, peak hip flexion angle is increased in the no rest condition.