Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

Age (years)

63 [50–79]

61 [51–75]

59 [40–85]

0.337

0.274

0.859

Gender (male/female)

12/9

13/8

33/21

0.753

0.753

0.949

BMI (kg/m²)

26 [21–32]

29 [18–39]

25 [15–41]

<0.05

0.683

<0.05

Waist circumference (cm)

90 [66–125]

101 [72–115]

91 [64–130]

<0.05

0.432

0.102

Pack-years (PY)

0 [0–0]

39 [23–69]

38 [5–80]

<0.001

<0.001

0.262

Smoking status (NS/CS)

0 / 21

21 / 0

12 / 42

<0.001

<0.05

<0.001

LAMA/LABA/ICS (No. treated)

0/0/0

0/0/0

51/50/31

NA

<0.001*

<0.001*

THEO/ROF/OCS (No. treated)

0/0/0

0/0/0

12/8/10

NA

<0.05**

<0.05**

mMRC

0 [0–1]

0 [0–2]

2 [1–4]

0.076

<0.001

<0.001

CAT

4 [0–14]

7 [1–20]

24 [7–35]

0.050

<0.001

<0.001

FEV ₁ (Liters)

3.2 [1.9-5.1]

2.9 [1.8-3.9]

1.0 [0.5-2.4]

0.113

<0.001

<0.001

FEV ₁ (% predicted)

112 [84–133]

98 [66–124]

38 [16–75]

<0.01

<0.001

<0.001

FEV ₁ %FVC (%)

81 [73–86]

80 [71–94]

49 [28–69]

0.521

<0.001

<0.001

MEF ₅₀ (% predicted)

81 [45–148]

75 [29–123]

12 [5–33]

0.122

<0.001

<0.001

RV (% predicted)

99 [29–145]

107 [64–141]

199 [76–347]

0.119

<0.001

<0.001

TLC (% predicted)

103 [71–120]

98 [68–127]

118 [79–164]

0.571

<0.001

<0.001