Figure 5

The effects of quercetin on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in BALF cells ex vivo . BALF cells cultured with quercetin (10 μM) or vehicle for 1 hour were stimulated with LPS (5 μg/ml) 2 hours to detect the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 determined by quantitative real-time PCR (A), and for 18 hours to detect the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 determined by ELISA (B), respectively. Results are shown as the mean ± SD (*p < 0.05) of three independent experiments.