From: Quantifying the real life risk profile of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD by record linkage analysis
Outcome | Univariate hazard ratio | Multivariate hazard ratio | Other variables contained in adjusted multivariate model |
---|---|---|---|
(95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
Primary endpoints | |||
New onset diabetes | |||
Any exposure | 0.88 (0.68-1.14) | 0.94 (0.71-1.25) | Age*, sex, deprivation, history ICS, history oral steroids*, smoking, BMI*, primary CV history*, secondary CV history*, renal dysfunction, COPD severity |
Cumulative exposure | 0.71 (0.46-1.10) | 0.70 (0.43-1.12) | Age*, sex, deprivation, history ICS, history oral steroid*, smoking, BMI*, primary CV history*, secondary CV history, renal dysfunction, COPD severity |
Worsening of existing diabetes | |||
Current exposure | 0.94 (0.73-1.21) | 0.91 (0.73-1.21) | Age*, sex, deprivation, previous ICS, history of oral steroid use, smoking, BMI, primary CV history, secondary CV history, renal dysfunction, COPD severity* |
Cumulative exposure | 0.57 (0.25-1.30) | 0.57 (0.24-1.37) | Age*, sex, deprivation, previous ICS, history of oral steroid, smoking, BMI, primary CV history, secondary CV history, renal dysfunction, COPD severity* |
Secondary endpoints | |||
Hospitalisation for pneumonia | |||
Current exposure no carryover | 1.27 (1.07-1.50) | 1.13 (0.94-1.36) | Age*, sex, deprivation*, previous ICS, history of oral steroid, smoking*, BMI*, primary CV history*, secondary CV history*, renal dysfunction, COPD severity*, history of diabetes*, history of pneumonia admission* |
Current exposure with 180-day carryover | 1.58 (1.29-1.93) | 1.38 (1.09-1.74) | |
Hospitalisation for fracture | |||
Cumulative exposure | 1.06 (0.75-1.51) | 1.08 (0.75-1.51) | Age*, sex*, deprivation, previous ICS, history of oral steroid, smoking, BMI*, primary CV history, secondary CV history, renal dysfunction, COPD severity, history of diabetes, history of fracture admission* |
Cataract related outcome | |||
Cumulative exposure | 1.43 (1.11-1.83) | 1.42 (1.07-1.88) | Age*, sex, deprivation, previous ICS, history of oral steroid, smoking*, BMI, primary CV history*, secondary CV history, renal dysfunction, COPD severity*, history of diabetes*, history of cataract related admission |