| |
COPD
L
|
COPD
N
|
Controls
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
M/F
|
7/2
|
A
|
8/2
|
A
|
8/2
|
A
|
ns
|
|
Age (Years)
|
67 ± 2.0
|
A
|
69 ± 1.5
|
A
|
68 ± 1.4
|
A
|
ns
|
|
BMI (Kg.m−2)
|
18.8 ± 0.7
|
A
|
26 ± 0.7
|
B
|
30 ± 2.1
|
C
|
<0.0001
|
|
FFMI (Kg.m−2)
|
15 ± 0.2
|
A
|
19 ± 0.5
|
B
|
20 ± 0.8
|
B
|
<0.0001
|
|
Active/ex-smokers
|
1/8
|
A
|
2/8
|
A
|
2/8
|
A
|
ns
|
|
Pack/year
|
66 ± 14
|
A
|
49 ± 6.6
|
AB
|
32 ± 5.0
|
B
|
0.037
|
|
Average cessation (years)
|
6.0 ± 2.5
|
A
|
8.4 ± 2.2
|
A
|
23 ± 5.5
|
B
|
<0.01
|
|
Age at smoking cessation (years)
|
61.1 ± 8.2
|
A
|
60.5 ± 7.6
|
A
|
45.1 ± 15.5
|
B
|
<0.01
|
|
mMRC
|
4 ± 0.4
|
A
|
3 ± 0.4
|
B
| | |
0.038
|
|
FEV1 (L)
|
0.8 ± 0.1
|
A
|
1.2 ± 0.1
|
A
|
2.8 ± 0.2
|
B
|
<0.0001
|
|
FEV1 (% pred)
|
30 ± 3.6
|
A
|
44 ± 5.8
|
A
|
95 ± 3.9
|
B
|
<0.0001
|
|
FVC (L)
|
2.6 ± 0.3
|
A
|
2.7 ± 0.4
|
A
|
3.9 ± 0.2
|
B
|
0.015
|
|
FVC (% pred)
|
76 ± 6.4
|
A
|
88 ± 9.0
|
AB
|
104 ± 3.2
|
B
|
0.01
|
|
FEV1/FVC
|
0.32 ± 0.1
|
A
|
0.38 ± 0.1
|
A
|
0.71 ± 0.0
|
B
|
<0.0001
|
|
PaO2 (mmHg)
|
79 ± 7.4
|
A
|
70 ± 3.1
|
A
|
73 ± 1.8
|
A
|
ns
|
|
PaCO2 (mmHg)
|
43 ± 2.0
|
A
|
41 ± 1.1
|
A
|
42 ± 0.6
|
A
|
ns
|
|
Physical activity (V)
|
1.2 ± 0.3
|
A
|
7 ± 1.9
|
B
|
11 ± 1.5
|
B
|
<0.0001
|
|
Physical activity (L)
|
43 ± 3.6
|
A
|
30 ± 5.0
|
A
| | |
ns
|
|
QMVC (N)
|
213 ± 19.4
|
A
|
323 ± 25.6
|
B
|
366 ± 26.8
|
B
|
0.002
|
|
6MWD (m)
|
306 ± 55
|
A
|
411 ± 50.1
|
AB
|
524 ± 37.9
|
B
|
0.01
|
|
BODE
|
6.5 ± 1.3
|
A
|
4 ± 0.9
|
A
| | |
ns
|
|
SGRQ Symptoms
|
76 ± 4.8
|
A
|
60 ± 4.2
|
B
| | |
0.01
|
|
SGRQ Activity
|
86 ± 4.7
|
A
|
52 ± 9.2
|
B
| | |
0.003
|
|
SGRQ Impact
|
57 ± 6.6
|
A
|
33 ± 7.7
|
B
| | |
0.01
|
|
SGRQ Total
|
69 ± 5.4
|
A
|
43 ± 6.8
|
B
| | |
0.005
|
|
Type I Fibre (%)
|
25.1 ± 4.6
|
A
|
24.4 ± 3.3
|
A
|
38.7 ± 3.9
|
B
|
0.04
|
|
Type II area (μ2)
|
2033 ± 166
|
A
|
2978 ± 277
|
B
|
2564 ± 277
|
AB
|
0.03
|
-
Definition of abbreviations: COPDN = COPD patients with normal FFMI; COPDL = patients with COPD with low FFMI; BMI = Body mass index; FFMI = fat free mass index; MRC = medical research council dyspnoea score; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC = forced vital capacity; PaO2 = arterial oxygen partial pressure; PaCO2 = arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; Physical Activity (V) = Voorrips Questionnaire; Physical activity (L) = London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale; QMVC = quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction; 6MWD = six minute walking distance; SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; ns = not significant; NA = not applicable. Comparisons among groups were done using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls as a post-hoc test. Differences among the three different groups were stated using letters A, B and C where sharing a letter implies no differences between these groups and having a different letter implies a statistical difference in the post-hoc test.
