| Fresh air | Cigarette smoke | Significance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Sedentary | Exercise | Sedentary | Exercise | F1 | F2 | I |
Heart Rate (stroke/min) | 485 ± 30 | 443 ± 52 | 444 ± 35 | 458 ± 33 | .27 | .26 | .024 |
FS (%) | 33.4 ± 3.6 | 36.5 ± 3.7 | 35.0 ± 4.0 | 36.8 ± 6.2 | .51 | .075 | (.63) |
LV S’ (mm/s) | 21.2 ± 3.4 | 21.6 ± 3.0 | 19.6 ± 3.6 | 19.7 ± 3.8 | .11 | .84 | (.93) |
LV E’ (mm/s) | 31.3 ± 3.8 | 33.0 ± 4.3 | 29.6 ± 6.8 | 30.2 ± 3.9 | .16 | .50 | (.73) |
IVRT (ms) | 16.4 ± 1.4 | 14.1 ± 1.7 | 16.5 ± 1.6 | 15.9 ± 1.3 | .074 | .004 | (.09) |
TAPSE (mm) | .71 ± .0.04 | .82 ± .11 | .42 ± .06 | .75 ± .12 | .008 | <.001 | (.11) |
RV S’ (mm/s) | 22.5 ± 5.1 | 22.0 ± 5.6 | 20.4 ± 4.9 | 23.4 ± 3.7 | .56 | .004 | (.078) |
RV E’ (mm/s) | 31.2 ± 8.3 | 29.9 ± 6.3 | 29.15 ± 8.0 | 31.8 ± 5.1 | .51 | .007 | (.78) |
RV IVRT’/RR (%) | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 9.5 ± 2.0 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | .058 | <.001 | (.43) |
RV lateral wall thickness (mm) | 1.53 ± .40 | 1.61 ± .34 | 1.57 ± .35 | 1.76 ± .31 | .50 | .33 | (.74) |