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Table 3 Inflammatory mediators in respiratory tracts

From: Compartment differences of inflammatory activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

  

Healthy non-smoker

Smokers without COPD

Smokers with COPD

P-value

Sputum

IL-6 (pg/ml)

33.4 (11.5-62.6)

223*** (78.9-641)

486*** (262-1031)

P < 0.001

 

IL-8 (pg/ml)

628 (430-1351)

1100 (595-1710)

2941**# (980-4912)

P = 0.010

 

MMP-9 (ng/ml)

21.6 (13.3-109)

57.3 (30.2-106)

97.5 (17.4-408)

P = 0.091

 

TIMP-1 (ng/ml)

117.5 (28.7-257)

96.6 (46.4-242)

166 (69.4-346)

P = 0.423

 

MMP-9/TIMP-1

0.35 (0.14-1.36)

0.78 (0.19-1.72)

0.70 (0.22-1.80)

P = 0.636

 

TNF-α (pg/ml)

1.17 (<1.00-4.88)

<1.00 (<1.00)

<1.00 (<1.00-8.05)

P = 0.123

 

sTNFR1 (pg/ml)

589 (59-996)

205 (36-536)

80 (16-560)

P = 0.207

 

sTNFR2 (pg/ml)

140 (65-469)

196 (118-344)

204 (43-545)

P = 0.996

 

TNFR1 on neutrophils (rMFI)

1.94 (1.46-2.48)

2.70 (2.36-2.94)

1.76 (1.44-2.12)

P = 0.076

 

TNFR2 on neutrophils (rMFI)

1.58 (1.37-1.67)

1.63 (1.35-1.93)

1.34 (1.17-1.49)

P = 0.236

BAL

IL-8 (pg/ml)

<12.5 (<12.5-15.8)

<12.5 (<12.5-33.0)

20.3 (<12.5-31.8)

P = 0.459

 

MMP-9 (ng/ml)

0.69 (0.44-1.45)

0.97 (0.58-1.27)

1.38 (0.93-3.87)

P = 0.112

 

TIMP-1 (ng/ml)

1.85 (1.46-3.71)

3.92** (2.71-9.34)

3.46** (2.18-7.85)

P = 0.010

 

MMP-9/TIMP-1

0.51 (0.18-0.77)

0.25 (0.11-0.62)

0.42 (0.11-0.74)

P = 0.654

 

sTNFR1 (pg/ml)

82.2 (75.4-118)

161** (102-203)

92.9 # (73.7-133)

P = 0.009

 

sTNFR2 (pg/ml)

36.0 (24.8-50.2)

77.7** (54.6-110)

69.5* (34.6-88.5)

P = 0.003

 

Macrophages TNF-α (2 -∆Ct)

0.05 (0.04-0.12)

0.02* (0.02-0.03)

0.01* (0.01-0.05)

P = 0.027

 

Macrophages TNFR1 (2 ∆Ct)

0.008 (0.005-0.01)

0.006 (0.005-0.016)

0.004*# (0.004-0.005)

P = 0.037

 

Macrophages TNFR2 (2 ∆Ct)

0.003 (0.001-0.003)

0.003 (0.003-0.004)

0.002 (0.001-0.002)

P = 0.055

  1. Results are presented as median and 25th-75th percentiles.
  2. P-values indicate comparisons between groups (Kruskal-Wallis test), bold data indicate significance.
  3. In BAL fluid IL-6 was below detection limit (<3 pg/ml) with a few exceptions and TNF-α was below detection limit (<0.5 pg/ml) in all samples.
  4. *, **, ***indicate P < 0.05 P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively, compared with healthy non- smokers (Mann-Whitney U test).
  5. # indicate P < 0.05 compared with smokers without COPD (Mann-Whitney U test).