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Table 3 Estimated average change per year over 4 years in relative bronchodilator response (percent change Δ = post- minus pre-bronchodilator FEV1 and FVC/pre-bronchodilator value X 100) (±SE) in the placebo arm by GOLD grading for airflow obstruction (I&II, III, IV), age (≤50 yrs, >50 yrs), gender, and smoking status (sustained ex-smoker, intermittent smoker, continuing smoker)

From: Acute bronchodilator responses decline progressively over 4 years in patients with moderate to very severe COPD

Group

FEV1

FVC

 

Estimated change in Δ (SE) per yr

p value

Estimated change in Δ (SE) per yr

p value

All

-0.68 (0.08)

<0.0001

-0.66 (0.09)

<0.0001

GOLD Stage

    

I & II

-0.40 (0.11)1

0.0001

-0.28 (0.10)1

0.0085

III

-0.86 (0.14)2

<0.0001

-0.89 (0.15)2

<0.0001

IV

-2.08 (0.38)

<0.0001

-2.11 (0.47)

<0.0001

Age, yrs

    

≤65 yrs

-0.61 (0.11)

<0.0001

-0.34 (0.12)3

0.0058

>65 yrs

-0.77 (0.12)

<0.0001

-1.04 (0.13)

<0.0001

Gender

    

Male

-0.61 (0.10)

<0.0001

-0.64 (0.10)

<0.0001

Female

-0.90 (0.17)

<0.0001

-0.74 (0.19)

<0.0001

Smoking status

    

Sustained ex-smoker

-0.91 (0.11)4

<0.0001

-0.88 (0.11)3

<0.0001

Intermittent smoker

-0.54 (0.16)

0.0007

-0.55 (0.17)

0.0014

Continuing smoker

0.12 (0.25)

0.64

0.14 (0.26)

0.59

Inhaled steroids (baseline)

    

No

-0.30 (0.13)5

0.0273

-0.13 (0.14)5

0.35

Yes

-0.93 (0.11)

<0.0001

1.01 (0.12)

<0.0001

  1. 1Significantly different from GOLD III (p = 0.0072 for FEV1 and p = 0.0008 for FVC) and GOLD IV (p < 0.0001 for FEV1 and p < 0.0001 for FVC).
  2. 2Significantly different from GOLD IV (p = 0.0018 for FEV1 and p = 0.0058 for FVC).
  3. 3Significantly different from age >65 (p < 0.0001).
  4. 4Signficiantly different from continuing smokers (p < 0.0001 for FEV1 and p = 0.0002 for FVC).
  5. 5Significantly different from those with baseline inhaled steroids (p = 0.0002 for FEV1 and p < 0.0001 for FVC).