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Table 1 Environmental risk factors in the development of asthma

From: Childhood infections and asthma: at the crossroads of the hygiene and Barker hypotheses

In utero environmental factors

Postnatal environmental factors

Maternal diet

Infant diet (breast versus bottle)

Maternal/fetal infections

Maternal smoking

   Bacterial

Allergens

   Viral

Endotoxin

   Parasitic

   Daycare

Maternal smoking

   Farm animals

Allergens

Antibiotics

Endotoxin

Â